create controversy even where it does not exist. Expert values have been fighting‚ in vain‚ to find out whether valuation is an art or a science. To set this rift at rest‚ Justice Viscount Simon of the House of Lords in Gold Coast Selection Trust case held that "valuation is an art and not an exact science. Mathematical certainty is not demanded‚ nor indeed is it possible". Thus valuation cannot be tied up by rigid laws of nature or science. It also cannot work under fixed and inflexible set up of
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Valuation of Common Stock Ashok Banerjee Common (Equity) Stocks • Because common stock never matures‚ today’s value is the present value of an infinite stream of cash flows (i.e.‚ dividend). • But dividends are not fixed. • Not knowing the amount of the dividends—or even if there will be future dividends— makes it difficult to determine the value of common stock. • So what are we to do? Valuation Models • Dividend Valuation Model (DVM): – Constant dividend: Let D be the constant DPS: The required
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2 MODELS FOR THE VALUATION OF SHARES. 2.1 The concept of a cost of equity The cost of equity is the cost to the company of providing equity holders with the return they require on their investment. The primary financial objective is to maximize the return to equity shareholders. This return is as the future dividend yield and capital growth. Until new shareholders become members of the company‚ the objective above is concerned with existing shareholders. Company management will need to offer
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Business Administration Level 2 Hints and tips for Unit 1 Assessment (NB: Please don’t cut and paste from websites as this is not acceptable practice for assessment purposes.) If you wish to use other information you have researched beyond the course materials: 1. Make sure it is additional to the Business Administration course material. 2. Make sure it supports/is relevant to your answer. 3. Quote the source. The main thing to remember when constructing each answer is to
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Communicate in a business environment Outcome 1 – Understand the purpose of planning communication 1.1 Explain the benefits of knowing the purpose of communication The purpose of communication is for humans and animals to be able to understand each other in different ways and different reasons. It can vary‚ it’s not just verbal. We achieve this by developing our skills since childhood. In this way we can use communication to help us express ourselves‚ meet our needs and learn or explain something
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Economic There is increasing confidence that the world economy is enjoying a classic cyclical recovery. Global economy is on a recovery path aided largely by the quick end to the Iraqi war‚ which generated positive outlook among markets and built up business and consumer confidence. GDP growth rate was 0.2% in the first quarter of 2003 in UK‚ growth rate for the second and third quarter went up to 0.6%‚ pointing to a growth rate of 2.0% end 2003. Unemployment rate has been decreasing to a rate at
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LECTURE 8 STOCK VALUATION CLASS QUESTION 8 1. Dividend yield example: If two companies both pay annual dividends of $1 per share‚ but ABC company’s stock is trading at $20 while XYZ company’s stock is trading at $40. In which company would an investor prefer to investment based on its dividend yield? 2. If the stock market is semi-strong efficient‚ which of the following statements is correct? a. All stocks should have the same expected returns; however‚ they may have different realized returns
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definitions 2.1Real Estate Real estate is "Property consisting of land and the buildings on it‚ along with its natural resources such as crops‚ minerals or water‚ immovable property of this nature or an interest vested in this. 2.2 Real Estate valuation (or appraisal) The act of estimating the value of real estate by a person licensed to do so. A person performing an appraisal must receive authorization from the appropriate body of the state in which he/she resides. A real estate appraisal may
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Thomas Owens 14085300 tmocn6@mail.missouri.edu Finance 4620- Nike Valuation Nike was established in the early 1970’s‚ and ever since its creation‚ has never looked back. Nike was the Greek goddess of victory‚ and with the accomplishments the company has made they have done just that‚ become victorious. Nike is known around the world as one of the most well known athletic distributors. They can be found in every athletic store with their worldwide symbol‚ the Nike “swoosh.” Nike is described
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Answers Professional Level – Essentials Module‚ Paper P3 Business Analysis June 2008 Answers Tutorial note: These model answers are considerably longer and more detailed than would be expected from any candidate in the examination. They should be used as a guide to the form‚ style and technical standard (but not in length) of answer that candidates should aim to achieve. However‚ these answers may not include all valid points mentioned by a candidate – credit will be given to candidates
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