A significant decline in activity across the economy‚ lasting longer than a few months Trough The stage of the economy’s business cycle that marks the end of a period of declining business activity and the transition to expansion. Boom A period of time during which sales of a product or business activity increases very rapidly. Recovery A period of increasing business activity signalling the end of a recession. GDP The monetary value of all the finished goods and services produced within a
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CHAPTER 3 The Competitive Environment Learning Objectives Upon completing this chapter‚ you should be able to: Identify the structural characteristics of the environment faced by the firm and how these drivers influence both competition and value creation Choose the appropriate level of specificity in environmental analysis‚ depending on the locus of the decision-making group Predict how changes occurring in the environment might influence future competition and value creation Incorporate understanding
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Outline CH1 I. Defining the Law‚ Morality‚ and Ethics (1-1) A. The Law and Morality （法律与道德） 1. Law consists of rules of conduct established by the government of a society to maintain harmony‚ stability‚ and justice. 2. Morals are values that govern a society’s attitude toward right and wrong and toward good and evil. B. Values and Ethics （价值与伦理） 1. Ethics involves an attempt to develop a means of determining what values ought to be. 2. Ethics involves an attempt to formulate
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Consumerism and the Effect on the Environment Tammi Bradbury Consumerism and the Effect on the Environment Consumerism is a concept that was created before the Great Depression‚ which‚ by definition‚ means “the concept that an ever-expanding consumption of goods is advantageous to the economy; the fact or practice of an increasing consumption of goods”. In other words‚ consumerism has meant the transformation of citizens into shoppers. In fact‚ after the tragedy of 9/11‚ we were not asked
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MARKETING ENVIRONMENT The aim of this lecture is: • To describe important role of Marketing Environment. • To differentiate between Macro and Micro Environments. • To assess the impact of Marketing Environment on Marketing Practices. • To describe various method/Model of Marketing Environment Scanning. Background Information Marketing cannot be practiced in a vacuum; as a business function is affected by various factors or elements within the business environments. According to Lancaster
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Macro Business Environment of Tesco Group The Macro-Environment consists of factors that may influence an organization externally. This is usually outside of the control of corporations. Examples of factors that may influence a business are changes in interest rates‚ changes in cultural trends and tastes‚ more competitors in surrounding areas as well as greater regulations or changes to government laws. (Pagano‚ Margareta‚ 16 May 1987). A popular method used to analyze the macro-environment is through
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MARKETING ENVIRONMENT Introduction Marketing does not occur in a vacuum. The marketing environment consists of external forces that directly and/or indirectly impact the organization. Changes in the environment create opportunities and threats for the organizations. Definition: ▪ A company’s marketing environment consists of the actors and forces outside marketing that affect the marketing management’s ability to develop and maintain successful relationship with its target markets
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Social Environment Social environment refers to the nature of social organisation and development of social institutions like Caste‚ Religion‚ customs ‚ and socio-economic factors like Class structure‚ Social mobility ‚ women employment etc. Impact of Social environment on Business: Caste – Competitive trading ‚ Weaving ‚ Metal ‚ finance communities Religion – Prohibition on Pork & Meat ‚ Islamic finance Customs – Women employment‚ restriction on overseas employment Class Structure - Upper
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The political environment in a country affects business organizations and could introduce a risk factor that could cause them to suffer a loss. The political environment could change as a result of the actions and policies of governments at all levels‚ from the local level to the federal level. Businesses need to be prepared to deal with the fallout’s of government politics locally and internationally. Let’s first define Political environment‚ there are several factors that creates an Inter-linkages
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Chapter 3 The Marketing Environment Learning Objectives 1. Describe the environmental forces that affect the company’s ability to serve its customers. 2. Explain how changes in the demographic and economic environments affect marketing decisions. 3. Identify the major trends in the firm’s natural and technological environments. 4. Explain the key changes in the political and cultural environments. 5. Discuss how companies can react to the marketing environment. Chapter Overview In
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