ANAGEMENT B y: Dr. Ola E lgeuoshy S pring 2013 C hapter (3) F orecasting F ORECASTING “ a Statement about the future value of a variable of i nterest .” U ses of Forecasting: Accounting Cost/profit estimates Finance Cash flow and funding Human Resources Hiring/recruiting/training Marketing Pricing‚ promotion‚ strategy MIS IT/IS systems‚ services Operations Schedules‚ MRP‚ workloads Product/service design New products and services F EATURES COMMON
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of marketing i.e. product ‚ price‚ place and promotional activities. Product Life Cycle : Product Life cycle is the process through which products pass through several stages of development in its life from introduction to decline. It describes the stages a product goes through from when it was first thought of until it finally is removed from the market. Not all products reach this final stage. Some continue to grow and others rise and fall. Stages of product life cycle include : 1) Development
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The Life Cycle of Products In Their Many Various Stages By: September 9‚ 2013 Eaglegate College In today’s market place‚ segmentation is a crucial strategy for nearly all successful companies around the world. A good example is Canon Corporation who makes a line of compact digital cameras. Now Canon sales for digital cameras have rapidly increased every year since they first introduce this line of camera. Canon’s whose continued growth must be attributed
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7. PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE: - Successful new products may not last forever‚ during its life. Sales /profits generated for by-product may vary. - Variance depends on the market demand for product changing needs level is described by demand cycle curve such as: - Demand may also decline due to a change in technology. - Based on demand for a product it may be possible to create a concept that provides insights of the product’s competitive dynamics. This is called PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE. - PLC
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are the Product Life Cycle (PLC) Stages used for? It helps to predict the profit levels and tailoring marketing programs according to the demand‚ your product development stage‚ current profits and level of investments and your changing customers’ needs. The Product Life Cycle (PLC) is one of the Products Portfolio Analysis and Planning Tools. What are the Product Life Cycle Stages? There are four different stages of any product from its development stage (prototype) till the product withdrawn
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Product Lifecycle Management Stage 4: Decline The decline stage of the product life cycle is the one where the product ultimately ’dies’ due to the low or negative growth rate in sales (see Figure 1). Profitability will fall‚ eventually to the point where it is no longer profitable to produce‚ and production will stop. As a number of companies start to dominate the market‚ it becomes increasingly difficult for the company in question to maintain its level of sales. Consumer tastes also change
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I. 5 Reasons why new products fail 1. A Lack of Resources - Resources have a funny way of disappearing when you most need them. If we are talking about human resources then you will find that your team members end up stretched and pulled all over the place once the work starts to pick up in earnest. In terms of other resources such as office equipment‚ it can be important to plan well ahead and order anything you are going to need a long time before you actually need it. 2. Project Plan Ignored
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= W e b S ta r t U p Sample Business Plan Ar r a y Co n s u l t a n c y S e r v i c e s www.arrayconsultancy.com info@arrayconsultancy.com Sample Business Plan Page Array Consultancy Services -1– Executive Summary eGrocery.com is focused on online grocery retail business. It plans to connect millions of household customers with distributors. eGrocery.com is an online portal available 24 X 7 to the internet friendly customers. It is a virtual online market place facilitating
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Introduction Phase The introduction phase is when the public first sees or hears about a product. The product appears in stores for the first time‚ and people start seeing print and television ads. During this phase‚ a company may choose one of two pricing strategies. They may set prices high to recoup initial expenses that went into producing the product. For example‚ a cellphone manufacturer with new technology may introduce cellphones 10 percent to 20 percent above the prices of most premium
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of communication. Its operation area is also very vast i.e. it reaches millions of people simultaneously. 4. Identified sponsors: Advertisements are identifiable with their sponsor or originator. Sponsor can be seller or the producer of that product. Difference between Advertising and Personal selling: Advertising | Public Selling | * It is mainly impersonal | * It involves face to face contact with the buyer | * It is a mass communication. | * It is
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