used in testing were all functional groups‚ Aldehyde‚ Ketone‚ Alcohol and‚ Ester. Functional groups are a portion of a molecule that give the molecules its properties‚ they are the centers of chemical reactivity. The structures of the functional groups used in testing are displayed in Figure 1.0. Figure 1.0 Structure of Functional Groups to Distinguish from Within the
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Subject Content Most of the objectives specified in this section relate to Knowledge with Understanding‚ although some indication has been given as to where the skills of Handling Information and Solving Problems may be developed. Teachers are reminded that‚ in the written papers‚ 40% of the marks are allocated to these higher ’thinking’ skills. In almost every section‚ students should therefore be given practice at dealing with unfamiliar situations so that these higher thinking skills can be developed
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Muhammad Nasimullah Qureshi‚* Muhammad Siddique‚ Inayat-ur-Rahman and Farina Kanwal Medicinal Botanic Centre‚ PCSIR Laboratories Complex Peshawar‚ Pakistan Received July 9‚ 2010; Accepted November 23‚ 2010; Published Online December 14‚ 2010 Methyl ester derivatives of fatty acids were analyzed for the determination of the constituents of Datura seed oil. Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometer was used for these analyses. Results delivered that there were saturated as well as unsaturated fatty
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HCl + ZnCl2 C2H5Cl + H2O Isopropyl Alcohol (CH3) 2CHOH + HCl (CH3) 2CHCl + ZnC2 + H2O Tert-butyl Alcohol (CH3) 3COH + HCl + ZnCl2 (CH3) 3CCl + ZnCl2 +H2O Benzyl Alcohol C6H5CH2OH + HCl + ZnCl2 C6H5CH2Cl +ZnCl2 +H2O B. Oxidation of Alcohols Test Sample Equation Ethyl Alcohol C2H5OH + KMnO4 CH3COOH + H2O + MnO2 +K+ Isopropyl Alcohol 2(CH3)2CHOH + KMnO4 2(CH3) 2CO + 2H2O + MnO2 + K+ Tert-butyl Alcohol No reaction Benzyl Alcohol C6H5CH2OH + KMnO4 C6H5COOH + H2O +MnO2 + K+ Diethyl Ether
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NORTHERN CARIBBEAN UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY‚ CHEMISTRY and ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LABORATORY MANUAL Instructor: Dr. M. Wilson CHEM401: BIOCHEMISTRY for NURSES Prepared by: Oreane Collins CHEMISTRY LABORATORY REGULATIONS AND SAFETY PRECAUTIONS Reference: http://www.sciencebyjones.com/safety_rules.htm Thanks to the Flinn Scientific Safety Rules for much of the below. General Guidelines 1. Conduct yourself in a responsible manner at all times
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practice‚ oil is extracted primarily from seeds. On food packaging‚ the term "vegetable oil" is often used in ingredients lists instead of specifying the exact plant being used. A triglyceride (TG‚ triacylglycerol‚ TAG‚ or triacylglyceride) is an ester derived fromglycerol and three fatty acids.[1] Triglycerides are a blood lipid that help enable the bidirectional transference of adipose fat and blood glucose from the liver. There are many triglycerides: depending on the oil source‚ some are highly
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margarine named Benecol. Stanol ester is the active ingredient that provides the lower cholesterol benefit. The success of Benecol and stanol ester would depend on Raisio’s ability to market and distribute the product worldwide. Synopsis of Case While studying the effects of rapeseed oil on blood cholesterol levels Raisio was presented with the idea to research plant sterols. Exploration into plant sterols proved valuable as it could be used to produce stanol ester. The Benecol launch in 1995
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I found that among mentioned substances acetone and ethylene glycol are soluble in water‚ therefore we can say that they are polar substances. Besides‚ I observed that biphenyl‚ butyl acetate‚ glycerol and motor oil are nonpolar substance. These compounds were soluble in hexane. Meanwhile‚ magnesium oxide and sodium bromide did not dissolved in either water nor in hexane. Moreover‚ Iodine and aspirin acted different than what I
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to form Esters by Fischer Esterification. These Esters had different pleasant smells that we then evaluated. In the second part of the experiment‚ we broke the ester bonds of a triglyceride in order to form glycerol and carboxylate salts. This process is known as Saponification because it produces amphiphilic molecules that allow soap to remove dirt from the surface of things and dissolve it in water. We used Crisco as our triglyceride and were able to produce a soap by breaking the ester bonds with
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CHM 2211L October 22‚ 2014 Abstract Many esters are naturally occurring compounds that are responsible for the fragrance of fruits and flowers. Isopentyl Acetate is the compound responsible for the smell of bananas. However‚ when Isopentyl acetate is treated with H3O+ it will hydrolyze back into the carboxylic acid‚ which will change the fragrance. In this experiment 3.11g of Isopentyl Acetate were produced with a 51.92 percent yield. Introduction Esters are carboxylic acid derivatives in which
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