Erin Axson ENG101-036 The Discussion of “The Making and Unmaking of a Child Soldier” by Ishmael Beah The story “The Making and Unmaking of a Child Solider” is an insightful look into the life of a child drawn into the horror of war‚ yet still managing to survive. Throughout the story you see several examples of how a child evolves in spite of adversity and violence. At 12 years old children should be playing sports and living fun‚ healthy lives. This is opposite of Beah’s childhood experience
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Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 1: Introduction Ionic liquids (ILs) can be viewed as a new and remarkable class of solvent. They are also a type of materials that have a long and useful history‚ where the earliest material that meets the current definition of IL was observed in the mid-19th century when a separate liquid phase called the “red oil” was observed in Friedel-Crafts reaction [17]. Over the following years‚ there has been a rapid growing of interest in ILs due to the realization
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effectively converted into acetic acid‚ ethyl ester‚ or was separated in light oil phase when using ethanol as solvent. When ethanol was hydrodeoxygenated with noble metal catalyst‚ 72.4 % of ethanol converted into gas and only 27.6 % was left. It contained a certain level of ethyl ester (such as acetic acid‚ ethyl ester and propanoic acid‚ ethyl ester). Therefore‚ ethanol was concerned to the HDO reaction as co-reactant (convert acid in bio-oil into ester) and enhanced acidity and stability of
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containing the ester product(top spot) was much more darker than the spot containing the remaining alcohol starting material(bottom spot). Because the created ester product is less polar than the starting material‚ it is reasonable that the the ester travelled further up the plate‚ leading to a higher Rf value than that of the alcohol(bottom spot). Comparing reaction B to reaction A‚ the one that used S-HBTM‚ the ester product spot was a lot less darker than that of reaction B’s ester product spot
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oil were identified. The main compounds were 9‚ 12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z‚ Z)-‚ methyl ester (14.3 %)‚ Cedran-diol‚ 8s‚ 14- (13.2 %)‚ Caryophyllene (11.8 %). Sesquiterpenes were the main group of compounds. Sesquiterpenes and its derivatives are used as anti cancer‚ immunosuppressive and anti inflammatory agents. Key words: Solanum erianthum‚ hydrodistillation‚ 9‚ 12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z‚Z)-‚ methyl ester‚ Cedran-diol‚ 8s‚ 14-‚ Caryophyllene‚ Sesquiterpenes. Introduction The Solanaceae are
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margarine‚ attracted the interest of food processors and supermarket groups throughout the world and fueled a surge of investor interest. Stanol ester is the active ingredient that provides the lower cholesterol benefit. There was huge marketing potential and profit opportunity for Raisio. However‚ its limited production capacity‚ limited supply of stanol ester‚ few facilities‚ limited experience outside Finland‚ different product formulation requirements‚ different marketing channels and complicated
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fluorescent dye to accept this energy and convert it into light. Although there is more than one recipe for a lightstick‚ a common commercial lightstick uses a solution of hydrogen peroxide that is kept separate from a solution of a phenyl oxalate ester together with a fluorescent dye. The color of the fluorescent dye is what determines the resulting color of the lightstick when the chemical solutions are mixed. The basic premise of the reaction is that the reaction between the two chemicals releases
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salicylic acid is a single functional group. In methyl salicylate the benzene ring is substituted by two functional groups‚ a hydroxyl group (-OH) and an ester group (-COOCH3). In salicylic acid the ester group is replaced by a carboxylic acid group (-COOH). The process that causes the ester group to be replaced by a carboxylic acid group is an example of ester hydrolysis under strongly basic conditions. The following is a mechanism for the synthesis of salicylic acid: Procedure* - See Attached Data
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skin. Salicylic acid is also a precursor to acetylsalicylic acid or aspirin. Acetylsalicylic acid (an ester derivative of salicylic acid) is much more commonly used than salicylic acid for pain relief‚ because the parent compound can irritate the lining of the stomach. In this experiment we synthesized salicylic acid from methyl salicylate. We converted the functional group known as an ester into a functional group known as a carboxylic acid. Methyl salicylate is also a botanical extract. It
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the methyl which the PR3 attacked. Before we dive into the details of the reaction occurring in scheme 2 it will be important to understand the mechanism which I will provide below: The reason that no base is needed in scheme 2 is due to the two ester groups present in Maleate. Upon the initial attack of PBu3 we see that electrons are pushed onto what was originally one of the double bonded oxygen’s. In the next step‚ the electrons on the oxygen can be pushed down via resonance which causes the
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