Benzoic Acid and Benzoates in Food‚ Drinks and Medicines Benzoic acid and benzoates are common additives to food‚ drinks‚ medicines and cosmetics‚ and they also occur naturally in many plants. They are useful chemicals in manufactured products because they kill or inhibit both bacteria and fungi and can act as preservatives. Benzoic acid and benzoates are considered to be safe chemicals for humans when they’re used in small quantities‚ but there are at least two situations in which even small
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the experiment * Aim: To observe the reactions of sulfuric acid as an oxidising agent and as a dehydrating agent. Equipment: * 20mL of concentrated sulfuric acid * 20mL of 2mol/L sulfuric acid * 2 small pieces of each of copper‚ zinc and iron * Sandpaper * 10 test tubes * Test tube rack * 2g of sugar crystals (sucrose) * 2 wooden ice-cream sticks * 10mL measuring cylinders Steps: A: Sulfuric acid as an oxidising agent 1. Clean pieces of metal with sandpaper
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of acetylsalicylic acid Results and Data treatment (A) Preparation of aspirin i) Details about the reactants Reaction of the acetylation of salicylic acid is following From the balanced reaction above‚ it can be seen that the stoichiometry between salicylic acid and acetic anhydride is 1: 1. In this experiment‚ 21.7mmol of salicylic acid was used to react 6.0mL of acetic anhydride and salicylic acid was limiting reagent. The expected amount of salicylic acid used: 21.7/1000*138
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Sodium thiosulfate is safe to handle and store‚ but if it is mixed with an acid‚ a reaction happens. When dilute sodium thiosulfate is mixed with an acid‚ solid sulphur is made‚ which makes the solution appear cloudy. The reaction also makes small amounts of toxic sulphur dioxide gas. You will choose one factor and investigate this factor’s effect on the rate of reaction between sodium thiosulfate and dilute hydrochloric acid. A colorimeter is a device used in colorimetry that generally refers to
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Acid rain is a rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic‚ i.e. elevated levels of hydrogen ions (low pH). It can have harmful effects on plants‚ aquatic animals‚ and infrastructure through the process of wet deposition. Acid rain is caused by emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides which react with the water molecules in the atmosphere to produce acids. Governments have made efforts since the 1970s to reduce the release of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere with positive
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[pic] |THE MECHANISM FOR THE ACID CATALYSED HYDROLYSIS OF ESTERS | | | |This page looks in detail at the mechanism for the hydrolysis of esters in the presence of a dilute acid | |(such as hydrochloric acid or sulphuric acid) acting as the catalyst. It uses ethyl ethanoate as a typical| |ester.
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considered that rain is acid? = The pH scale measures how acidic an object is‚ when pH is lower than 7 rain is considered acid. b) Which are the compounds that in contact with water origin acid rain? = Compounds like sulfur sulphuric and nitric acids. c) Which are the principal causes of these compounds? = The extra acidity in rain comes from the reaction of primary air pollutants‚ primarily sulphur oxides and nitrogen oxides‚ with water in the air to form strong acids. The main sources of
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EXERCISE 11 Synthesis of Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid from Salicylic Acid) RAQUID‚ Rency J Group 5 18L I. Introduction Due to the demand of certain reagents in the laboratory in order to perform and conduct further experiments or produce essential compounds‚ chemists continuously develop organic synthesis. This process aims to prepare and synthesize desired organic compounds from commercially or readily available ones by providing the simplest route in synthesizing the compound
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Hydrochloric acid affects the Rate of Reaction with Calcium Carbonate Rate This Paper: 1 2 3 4 5 Length: 3036 words (8.7 double-spaced pages) Rating: Red (FREE) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An Investigation to see How the Concentration of Hydrochloric acid affects the Rate of Reaction with Calcium Carbonate I am going to investigate how concentration of hydrochloric acid affects the rate of reaction between hydrochloric acid and
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fatty acid chains (carboxylic-acids). These undergo a condensation reaction to form a triglyceride-molecule and the by-product‚ three molecules of water [1]. The general structure of triglyceride can be presented below: Where R‚ R’ and R’’ represent particular carbon fatty acid chains. The fatty acid composition is the most important characteristic of the triglyceride. The physical and chemical properties of particular triglycerides depend on the nature and arrangement of these fatty acid residues
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