First Crusade was the first of a number of crusades which were endeavors made by the Christians to invade and regain the Holy Lands. The First Crusade began in 1095‚ when Emperor Alexius I of the Byzantine Empire arranged a meeting with Pope Urban II to ask for advice and assistance to defend the Byzantine empire. After this meeting‚ Pope Urban II realized that they had an opportunity to organize and recapture the Holy Lands. Consequently‚ the Pope called for a meeting of the Council of Clermon‚ and at
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The Muslims of Medieval Italy by Alex Metcalfe Less than two hundred years after the death of the prophet Muhammad the rule of Islam had spread from the Arab Peninsula to Italy after the Roman Empire had crumbled away; eventually it spread all the way to Iberia. The book The Muslims of Medieval Italy by Alex Metcalfe focuses on the Muslim-Christian dynamic and the respective ruling entities by examining the chronological timeline of events and more cultural history of the dynamic in the region.
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TOPIC: Islamic Pottery Islamic Pottery Occupation Medieval Islamic pottery occupied a geographical position between Chinese ceramics and the pottery of the Byzantine Empire and Europe. For most of the period it can fairly be said to have been between the two in terms of aesthetic achievement and influence as well‚ borrowing from China and exporting to and influencing Byzantium and Europe. The use of drinking and eating vessels in gold and silver‚ the ideal in ancient Rome
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of ironworks and trade. After the Kush decline around 200 C.E.‚ another empire‚ Axum‚ rose to greatness to the south. Although Axum never conquered any other civilization‚ it traded with them frequently‚ especially ivory and gold. In the fourth century‚ Axum converted to Christianity‚ and in the seventh century‚ many converted to Islam. These conversions illustrate that people of Axum were in constant contact with the empires of the Mediterranean world. And that contact has had a long-standing impact
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OP-ED CONTRIBUTOR For Greece’s Economy‚ Geography Was Destiny By ROBERT D. KAPLAN Published: April 24‚ 2010 THE debt crisis that caused Greece to ask for an international bailout on Friday has been attributed to many things‚ all economic: Greece’s budget deficits‚ its lack of transparency and its over-the-top corruption‚ symbolized by the words “fakelaki‚” for envelopes containing bribes‚ and “rousfeti‚” political favors. But there is a deeper cause for the Greek crisis that no one dares mention
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In 844 AD a Viking fleet attacked Nantes‚ Toulouse‚ Gijon‚ Lisbon and Seville‚ where they were defeated by the Moors and forced to retreat back to Aquitaine . The attacks on Paris began in 848 AD‚ where the city was looted. Paris was once again attacked by the raiders three more times during the 860s‚ where the Vikings left exclusively after collecting enough riches from the city or bribes from the authorities. These series of attacks led the French leaders to fortify the city and build wooden bridges
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them had already converted to a monastic religion. Vladimir I‚ a great prince of Kiev‚ reigned from 980 till 1015 and succeeded in the mass conversion of the Eastern Slavs.1 Throughout his reign Vladimir’s agenda had always been to strengthen his empire‚ in order to be considered valuable among the dominate nations of the European family.2 The traditional view of Vladimir’s motivation for the conversion is that only after considering all monastic faiths‚ did he finally reach the decision of Eastern
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political changes as well as continuities from 100-600 C.E. The bisection of the Roman Empire into western and eastern divisions during this classical era was the most prominent political change this civilization experienced. Before‚ during‚ and after the separation of Rome‚ Christianity was a fixture in Roman culture but it drastically evolved during the Classical period. Although the Roman Empire or Empires evolved greatly within the 500 years discussed here‚ a constant was the role of Emperors
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After the 4th century when Constantinople emerged as a great capital and church center‚ tensions sometimes arose between its leaders and the bishop of Rome. After the fall of Rome to Germanic invaders in 476‚ the Roman pope was the only guardian of Christian universalism in the West. He began more explicitly to attribute his dominance to Rome’s being the burial place of Saint Peter‚ whom Jesus had called the "rock" on which the church was to be built. The Eastern Christians respected that tradition
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During the time period from the beginning of the Roman Empire to the Crusades‚ there were changes and continuities in religion. After Christianity became the main religion in the Roman Empire‚ it slowly changed as time went on and in some areas remained the same. At the beginning of the Roman Empire the Romans were a polytheistic people. They believed in many gods‚ which they adopted from the Greeks in Southern Italy. The Romans copied many of the Greek gods and myths but gave them different names
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