of the Upper Nepean Catchment. The following is a summary of factors that affect water quality. Water may contain several ions‚ namely anions and cations which are toxic to humans. Hardness is the scum on water surface from significant concentrations of calcium and magnesium ions. Total dissolved solids is the measure of dissolved solids that are ionic in water. Turbidity is the presence of suspended solids in water which reduces penetration of light‚ resulting in a decrease concentration of
Premium Water Water pollution Ammonia
CHE 242 Tutorial 3: Problems & Answers Week 4: Feb 2- 6‚ 2009 1. Consider a gas that occupies 1.00 dm3 at a pressure of 2.00 bar. If the gas is compressed isothermally at constant external pressure‚ Pext‚ so that the final volume is 0.500 dm3‚ what is the smallest value Pext can have? Calculate the work involved using this value of Pext. Solution For compression to occur‚ the value of Pext must be at least as large as the final pressure of the gas. P1 = 2.00 bar‚ V1 = 1.00 dm3‚ V2 = 0.500
Premium Ideal gas law Gas
Baking Project There are several chemical reactions taking place in the general baking of cakes. Every ingredient has its own function and causes a different reaction Synthesis: * Egg yolks (modify molecule’s structure) helps the oil-based and water-based components of the cake mix together. When eggs are cooked‚ the protein molecules become uncurled when exposed to heat and create new molecular bonds with other nearby protein molecules. When the egg is completely cooked‚ it helps form a
Premium Acid Chemical reaction Carbon dioxide
Chemistry and Us The world is surrounded by so many things and everything is made of chemicals. Chemistry is very vital because it helps us to know the composition and changes of matter. Every single day of our life passes through chemistry in many ways. Human body works through the chemical reactions happening inside it. When we breathe‚ eat and sleep there’s still the presence of chemistry. The oxygen and foods we take helps our body to work. Exchanges of gasses‚ breaking down of foods we
Premium Chemical reaction Chemistry Chemical substance
Sustainable Chemistry Terry Collins* Chemistry has an important role to play in achieving a sustainable civilization on Earth. The present economy remains utterly dependent on a massive inward flow of natural resources that includes vast amounts of nonrenewables. This is followed by a reverse flow of economically spent matter back to the ecosphere. Chemical sustainability problems are determined largely by these economy-ecosphere materials flows (see the figure‚ below)‚ which current chemistry education
Premium Chemistry Antibiotic resistance
how chemistry affects us today. Our entire universe is made up of matter which is constantly changing forms and evolving into other forms of energy. Most people have chosen to write their essay about how chemistry has played an important role in everyday life. The simple fact is that chemistry plays an important role in every person’s daily activities from the moment we’re born. Chemistry is the branch of science that deals with the structure of organic and inorganic matter( any substance or organism
Free Chemistry Chemical element Cloning
What is Chemistry? Chemistry is the study of matter and energy and the interactions between them. This is also the definition for physics‚ by the way. Chemistry and physics are specializations of physical science. Chemistry tends to focus on the properties of substances and the interactions between different types of matter‚ particularly reactions that involve electrons. Physics tends to focus more on the nuclear part of the atom‚ as well as the subatomic realm. Really‚ they are two sides of the
Premium Chemistry
Chemistry Unit 2 Area of Study: 1: Water Chapter 11: Measuring solubility Measuring Solubility Solubility: the maximum amount of that substance that can be dissolved in a that temperature Saturated solution: a solution which no more solute can be dissolved at that temperature Measuring solubility Determine the maximum mass of solute that can be dissolved in 100 grams of solvent at a particular temperature Worked Example A maximum of a 6g of solute can be dissolved in 20g of water at 20ºC
Premium Solubility Solution Concentration
Signature Candidate Number For Examiner’s Use Examiner’s Initials Question Mark General Certificate of Education Advanced Level Examination January 2011 1 2 3 Chemistry Unit 4 Kinetics‚ Equilibria and Organic Chemistry 9.00 am to 10.45 am Wednesday 26 January 2011 CHEM4 4 5 6 7 For this paper you must have: ● the Periodic Table/Data Sheet‚ provided as an insert (enclosed) ● a calculator. TOTAL Time allowed ● 1 hour 45 minutes Instructions ● Use black ink or black
Premium Chemistry Chemical reaction Mathematics
Chapter 4 - Chemical Bonding Outline • 4.2 Naming Compounds and Writing Formulas • 4.1 Types of Chemical Bonds • 4.4 Electronegativity‚ Unequal Sharing‚ and Polar Bonds • 4.5 Vibrating Bonds and the Greenhouse Effect • 4.3 Lewis Structures • 4.6 Resonance • 4.7 Formal Charge: Choosing among Lewis Structures • 4.8 Exceptions to the Octet Rule • 4.9 The Lengths and Strengths of Covalent Bonds © 2014 W. W. Norton Co.‚ Inc. 1 Chemical Bonds All chemical bonds consist of _______ that
Premium Covalent bond Atom Chemical bond