alternative methods of carbon fixation that concentrate CO2 at the site where rubisco is found‚ thereby suppressing photorespiration. 6. (a) The most malate in a CAM plant would be found late at night. (b) The least malate in a CAM plant would be found at the end of the day. (c) CAM plants close their stomata during the day to prevent water loss‚ as they live in dry environments. (d) The gas that is preferentially absorbed during the cool evening is CO2. (e) During the dark‚ CAM plants take in CO2
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this way‚ carbon dioxide from the air and water from the soil in a more disordered state are combined to form the more ordered sugar molecules. Carbon dioxide is captured in a cycle of reactions known as the Calvin cycle or the Calvin-Benson cycle after its discoverers. It is also known as just the C3 cycle. Those plants that utilize just the Calvin cycle for carbon fixation are known as C3 plants. Carbon dioxide diffuses into the stroma of chloroplasts and combines with a five-carbon sugar‚ ribulose1
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Photosynthesis occurs in the green leaves of plants. How is photosynthesis important in the flow of carbon through an ecosystem? v \ v | | e-Text Main Menu | Textbook Table of Contents Ten C H A P T E R 1 0 ` Photosynthesis Chapter Outline CHAPTER OUTLINE Photosynthetic organisms are autotrophs. What is light? Pigments absorb light‚ which drives photosynthesis. Photosynthesis requires both photochemical and biochemical reactions to produce sugars
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the oxygen in water has the radioactively labeled oxygen‚ the gas released from photosynthesis also has the labeled oxygen. This shows that the oxygen gas given off during photosynthesis comes from the splitting of water molecules. (If the oxygen in carbon dioxide is labeled instead‚ the tracer shows that it is incorporated into sugar and water.) 3. Label the figure below. As you work‚ underline or highlight the items that are cycled between the light reactions and Calvin cycle. 4. Explain the correlation
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moving ions to make ATP. The main difference between C3 photosynthesis‚ C4 and CAM photosynthetic pathways is in the process of carbon dioxide fixation. The carbon dioxide captured by the Rubisco enzyme and added to RuBP inside the chloroplast produces 3PGA‚ a threecarbon compound that gives the C3 process its name. In C4 and CAM photosynthesis‚ carbon dioxide is set in the cytoplasm of the mesophyll cells‚ not inside the chloroplasts. Carbon dioxide enters these cells through diffusion from the
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Chloroplasts and Photosynthesis All animals and most microorganisms rely on the continual uptake of large amounts of organic compounds from their environment. These compounds are used to provide both the carbon skeletons for biosynthesis and the metabolic energy that drives cellular processes. It is believed that the first organisms on the primitive Earth had access to an abundance of the organic compounds produced by geochemical processes‚ but that most of these original compounds were used up billions
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photosynthetic organisms‚ NADPH is produced by ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase in the last step of the electron chain of the light reactions of photosynthesis. It is used as reducing power for the biosynthetic reactions in the Calvin cycle to assimilate carbon dioxide. Synthesis The oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway is a major source of NADPH in cells‚[1] and in cells without mitochondria‚ it is the only source. However there are several other lesser-known mechanisms of generating NADPH
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occurs only in "green algae" and in the plants.Carotenoids are usually red‚ orange‚ or yellow pigments‚ and include the familiar compound carotene‚ which gives carrots their color. These compounds are composed of two small six-carbon rings connected by a "chain" of carbon atoms. As a result‚ they do not dissolve in water‚ and must be attached to membranes within the cell. Carotenoids cannot transfer sunlight energy directly to the photosynthetic pathway‚ but must pass their absorbed energy to chlorophyll
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Cahpter 10 Biology‚ 7e (Campbell) Chapter 10: Photosynthesis Chapter Questions 1) Organisms that can exist with light as an energy source and an inorganic form of carbon and other raw materials A) are called photoautotrophs. B) do not exist in nature. C) are called heterotrophs. D) are best classified as decomposers. E) both C and D Answer: A Topic: Overview Skill: Knowledge 2) Which type of organism obtains energy by metabolizing molecules produced by other organisms? A) autotrophs
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relationships between the light reactions and the Calvin cycle? a. The light reactions provide ATP and NADPH to the Calvin cycle‚ and the cycle returns ADP‚ Pi‚ and NADP+ to the light reactions. b. The light reactions provide ATP and NADPH to the carbon fixation step of the Calvin cycle‚ and the cycle provides water and electrons to the
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