Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche‚ and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical
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sugars (glucose) are produced. In plants‚ photosynthesis occurs only in cells with chloroplasts. Water (H2O)‚ carbon dioxide (CO2) and light energy are required. The light energy is absorbed by the green pigment‚ chlorophyll‚ and is converted into chemical energy‚ which causes the water drawn from the soil to split into molecules of hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen combines with the carbon dioxide in the air‚ forming the sugar. Oxygen from the water molecules is given off in the process. However‚
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Chapter 5 The Working Cell Energy • Capacity to do work • Types of energy – – – – Kinetic energy – energy of motion Potential energy – stored energy Thermal energy - heat Chemical energy - potential energy of molecules • Thermodynamics – Study of energy Oxidation-Reduction Reactions • When an atom or molecule loses an electron‚ it is said to be oxidized – process called oxidation • When an atom or molecule gains an electron‚ it is said to be reduced – process called reduction
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cells and cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria of animal cells. Photosynthesis uses water and carbon dioxide as reactants to produce glucose and oxygen where as cellular respiration uses glucose and molecular oxygen as reactants to produce water‚ carbon dioxide‚ and energy (ATP). Photosynthesis is a two part process which includes photophosphorylation (light reactions) and carbon fixation (dark reactions). Sunlight in the form of light energy is used to fuel the photophosphorylation process
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to do with carbon. The second is to do with phosphorus. The third cycle is nitrogen. And the fourth cycle is sulfur. We will look at each one and how they impact humans and examples. Carbon effects human impact. “Human intrusion into the carbon cycle is significant. As we will see shortly‚ we are diverting (or removing) 40 % of the photosynthetic productivity of land plants to support human enterprises” (p. 67). Carbon is in the atmosphere and is very complex on our earth. The carbon atoms are
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PLASTIDS Plastids are large cytoplasmic organelles. Plastids are major organelles found in the cells of plants and algae. Plastids are the site of manufacture and storage of important chemical compounds used by the cell. Plastids often contain pigments used in photosynthesis‚ and the types of pigments present can change or determine the cell’s colour. The term plastid was derived from the Greek word plastikas meaning formed or moulded. This term was coined by Schimper in 1885. In plants
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Exercise 5 INTRODUCTION TO STEREOCHEMISTRY I. Introduction Stereochemistry is concerned with the shapes of molecules and how the differences in shapes can effect the properties and reactions of compounds. Subtle differences in molecular shape have far – reaching consequences and it is probably the field of molecular biology that a full awareness of molecular shapes has emerged. A knowledge of the molecular shapes of such vital compounds as sugars‚ amino acids‚ and proteins is essential
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amplifiers the AF and the tank circuit for the generation of the carrier wave. The model of the oscillator used is shown in FIG. 3.1. + R1 L C3 CC C1 R2 C4 _ FIG 3.1: CIRCUIT REPRESENTATION OF THE COLPITTS OSCILLATOR WITH AF INPUT. 3.2.1 DESIGN SPECIFICATION FOR THE COLPITTS OSCILLATOR For a transistor to function as an amplifier it must be biased in the forward active region. Theraja
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This lead to life beginning in the ocean where scientists have traced back to an ancestral bryophyte (also known as freshwater green algae) that has‚ over time‚ developed a key process of making food by using the energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into by glucose and oxygen. The plant life history also involves the "alternations of generations" that allows a plant to undergo meiotic/mitotic phases between the sporophyte(diploid) and gametophyte(haploid) generation. In leaves
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sugar; c) amino acids; d) DNA • 2. The photosynthetic process removes carbon dioxide from the environment. a) water; b) sugar; c) oxygen; d) chlorophyll; e) carbon dioxide • 3. The process of splitting water to release hydrogens and electrons occurs during the light dependent process. a) light dependent; b) light independent; c) carbon fixation; d) carbon photophosphorylation; e) glycolysis • 4. The process of fixing carbon dioxide into carbohydrates occurs in the light independent process. a)
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