minerals of the crust and mantle (99.5%). Only a small portion has been released as free oxygen to the biosphere (0.01%) and atmosphere (0.36%). The main source of atmospheric free oxygen is photosynthesis‚ which produces sugars and free oxygen from carbon dioxide and water:- 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2 Photosynthesizing organisms include the plant life of the land areas as well as the phytoplankton of the oceans. The tiny marine cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus was discovered in 1986
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about 78 percent of the atmosphere. Nitrogen is extremely important to living material; in fact plants‚ animals and humans could not live without it. Sprent (1987) argued that nitrogen cycle is the most important process to living organisms after the carbon cycle. But nitrogen exists as dinitrogen (N2) in the atmosphere‚ which living things‚ particularly plants‚ cannot synthesize (citation) The process of nitrogen cycle transforms nitrogen from one form to another (citation). It is defined by (name)
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Some students measured the pH of water containing elodea‚ a common water plant. The students wanted to learn how much carbon dioxide elodea removes from the water. The students knew that decreasing levels of carbon dioxide correspond to increasing pH. Which cellular structure in elodea carries out the process that is most likely to result in increasing pH? Which structures‚ if found in a cell‚ would provide the best evidence that the cell is eukaryotic? Where in the cell do the following
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A (P680 and P700) *Hydrogen Ion The Hydrogen Twins *Ferredoxin *Cytochrome Complex *Plastoquinone *Carbon Dioxide *NADP+ and NADPH *NADP+ Reductase *ATP Synthase *ATP and ADP + P *Ribulose 1‚5-bisphosphate (RuBP) and RuBisCO *3-PGA *G3P *Glucose Biographies Main characters (Alphabetically) Calvin Cycle: Three phases occur here: carbon fixation‚ reduction‚ and regeneration Chlorophylls A (P680 and P700): reflects green light‚ and absorbs red and blue light to being
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plants obtaining energy from sunlight to be used to order carbon dioxide to produce glucose is photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is required by all plants on Earth for their survival. It is the most important biochemical process on earth. This process produces organic matter from constant inorganic materials which in turns prevents life from becoming extinct (Rabinowitch‚ 1945). The factors that affect photosynthesis are sunlight‚ carbon dioxide‚ and water. Sunlight begins the reaction‚ then water
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Unit 2. Chapters 9-16. Cell Processes 1. Cellular Respiration‚ Photosynthesis‚ Cell Cycle‚ Mitosis‚ Meiosis‚ & Genetics. Note A: All work must be hand-written‚ including charts & diagrams. Note B: each answer requires more than one sentence & use diagrams whenever possible; failure to use diagrams will result in less points. Chapter 9 Outline 1) Principles of Energy Conservation a) Cellular respiration and fermentation are catabolic(energy – yielding) pathways b) Cells must recycle the ATP
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Study Questions: Chapter 28 1.) Archaea and Bacteria are the oldest‚ structurally simplest and most abundant forms of life. 2.) Name and describe seven ways in which prokaryotes differ substantially from eukaryotes? Unicellularity- fundamentally single-celled Cell Size- can vary (large range changes with species) Nucleoid- lack a membrane-bound nucleus but rather a nucleoid region Cell Division/Genetic Recombination- binary fission (does not use spindle) and do not have a sexual cycle Internal
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organisms and the environment through biochemical cycles Carbon Cycle In the form of CaCO3 component of animal skeletons and found in several kinds of rocks Carbon and oxygen form carbon dioxide CO2 Carbon dioxide is taken in by plants during photosynthesis and is given off by both plants and animals during respiration 4 main processes move carbon through its cycle Biological processes- respiration‚ decomposition—take up and release carbon and oxygen Geochemical processes
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Biogeochemical Cycles and Human Impacts The carbon cycle‚ nitrogen cycle‚ and phosphorus cycle all play a big role in our environment. They are some of the key components that are recycled to create pathways know as the biogeochemical cycles. All the chemical elements that make up living cells must be recycled continuously in order for the living components of a major ecosystem to survive. The recycling of these elements is the only possible way to maintain a dynamic system. Human impacts
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