swirl‚ dip a toothpick with water and thenn into the EDTA indicator powder. Then swirl the toothpick into the beaker Observation and Data Table: By finding the total hardness‚ I was analyzing the water sample for the combined concentration of calcium and magnesium ions. When making the buffer‚ the sample turned blue‚ allowing me to get a sense of what color I would be looking for later on in the experiment. I tested my tap water for the total hardness by adding EDTA solution through a titrator
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considered hard when there are high concentrations of the divalent cations Magnesium and Calcium; water hardness is considered as the sum of both the calcium and magnesium concentrations and expressed as calcium carbonate in milligrams per liter (mg/L).1 Hard water requires more soap and synthetic detergents for home laundry and washing‚ and contributes to scaling in boilers and industrial equipment. Calcium and magnesium carbonates tend to be deposited
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Hard Water How can water be hard? Well‚ it can‚ but maybe not in the sense that one would think. Hard water refers to water with dissolved calcium and magnesium ions in it. Rainwater is naturally soft‚ but when the water runs through the ground or over rocks causing erosion‚ calcium and magnesium ions can be easily picked up. Most people prefer hard water to soft water for drinking‚ because the ions are good for you‚ and because soft water leaves a “dry” taste in one’s mouth (1‚2). Big businesses
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concentration of CaCO3 obtained was 1034 ppm‚ with a standard deviation of 2.4495. The results indicate that the unknown solution can be considered as hard water. Introduction The hardness of water is defined in terms of its cation content‚ which includes calcium‚ magnesium‚ iron‚ zinc‚ and other polyvalent metal ions. These metal ions interfere with the use of the water for many applications. For example‚ these ions diminish the effectiveness of soap and detergent for cleansing operations; they diminish
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figure out the actual yield vs. the theoretical yield and to calculate the percent yield. Procedure First‚ 1.0 g of CaCl2·2H2O was put into a 100-mL beaker and 25 mL of distilled water was added. The two ingredients were stirred to create a calcium chloride solution. Then‚ stoichiometry was used to determine how much Na2CO3 was needed for a full reaction: First‚ 1 g of CaCl22H2O was converted to moles: 0.00680 moles. The mole ratios of CaCl22H2O and Na2CO3 was seen to be 1:1. Then‚ moles of
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this lab is to determine the identity of a Group 1 metal carbonate compound by gravimetric analysis. Procedure: The unknown carbonate is weighed and then dissolved in water. A solution of CaCl2 (calcium chloride) is added to the metal carbonate solution to precipitate the carbonate ions as CaCO3 (calcium carbonate). The precipitate is then filtered‚ dried‚ and weighed again. Data: Equation 1: M2CO3 (s) 2M+ (aq) + CO32- (aq) Equation 2: Ca2+ (aq) + CO32- (aq) CaCO3 (s) Equation 3: CaCl2
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Determination of Water Hardness Using a Titrator Heather Crall Chemistry 1 SMT- 271044 10/17/2012 Abstract From seeing all of my results and conclusion I now see that I didn’t understand this lab very well and that its not easy when others try to help. Since I have hard water it tells me that my water flows over and through rocks and minerals‚ like limestone. Purpose The purpose of this lab is to become familiar with the concept of water hardness. We learn that hard water contains
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Design Lab #17: Reaction Rate - Calcium Carbonate & Hydrochloric acid Design D: Introduction: In this experiment calcium carbonate will be put into a flask and mixed with hydrochloric acid to produce calcium chloride‚ water and carbon dioxide. The formula for this reaction is: CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to determine how the surface area of CaCO3(s) affects the rate of
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Introduction When the water from the rain collects impurities by dissolving the salt that is exist in the soil. These particular salts include ions of sodium‚ magnesium‚ calcium‚ iron‚ and other metals. These particular impurities are what you will see on the glass door of the shower after it has been cleaned. Calcium ions are what cause the majority of water hardness. The water hardness arises from the existence of metal ions with a charge of +2 or higher. Water hardness is reported in
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four carboxylic acid groups has an electron pair to donate to a metal ion center‚ making EDTA a hexadentate (“six-toothed”) ligand which forms an octahedral complex. Fig. 2. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Fig. 3. EDTA4– chelating a calcium ion. REV 2012-02-13 COMPLEXOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF WATER HARDNESS PAGE 1 OF 4 CHM152LL LAB MANUAL COMPLEXOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF WATER HARDNESS
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