of Shikimic Acid‚ intermediate for the production of Oseltamivir‚ the Avian Flu drug Supervised by: Dr. Reza Yegani Dr. Mohammad Hossein Sarrafzadeh Mr. Habibollah Ramezanzade by: Kaveh Yazdifard Presented on: 1385/10/3 Contents Acknowledgement Introduction Shikimic Acid & its Natural Properties Derivatives of Shikimic Acid Avian Flu Sickness‚ Medications Oseltamivir and Shikimic Acid’s Role in Synthesis Production of Shikimic Acid Extracting Shikimic Acid from the Plant
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Trinh 5/29/13 TA: Jingy Wang Experiment #4 Recrystallization of Pure Phthalic Acid‚ Benzoic Acid and Napthalene Introduction Recrystallization is a important method in purifying organic compounds which are solid. It is an effective method that is important to be familiar with that is essential in the industrial chemical world. This experiment will allow students to be familiarized with the technique of recrystallization by working with phtalic acid‚ benzoic acid and naphthalene from appropriate
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The Effects of Acid Rain Bio-105 Abstract The effects of acid rain is damaging no matter how you look at the picture. Acid rain effects open areas more than forests due to the trees blocking some of the rain from hitting the ground. Acid rain is monitored by using emissions monitors. This helps figure out how much acid is in rainwater. Acid rain is harmful to fish by killing off entire species. Acid rain is harmful to living creatures‚ but many do not realize how toxic it can be to
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Acid rain‚ or more accurately acid precipitation‚ is the term used for describing rainfall with a pH level lower than 5.6. This type of pollution is a matter of great debate currently due to the potential of its causing environmental damages all across the world. For the last decade or so acid rain has caused destruction to hundreds of lakes and streams in many parts of the world‚ including the US‚ Canada‚ and Europe. Acid rain forms due to the oxides of sulfite and nitrogen combining with the moisture
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The effect of nutrient concentration on duckweed growth Gina Neonakis Biology 203L:11 Biology 203:10 November 14‚ 2011 Abstract Lemna minor‚ or duckweed‚ is a small plant that floats on the surface of stagnant water that is usually rich in nutrients. Phosphorus is an important macronutrient in the growth of aquatic plants. We tested the effect of phosphorus on duckweed population growth using a control medium rich in nutrients and compared it to the population growth in a medium that lacked
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Baaqir Salaam October 10‚ 2013 English 3A Killing Centers And Concentration Camps; The Institutions of Nazi Germany In killing centers across Germany approximately six million Jews were killed‚ and even more were imprisoned in the work camps. To understand what killing centers and concentration camps were it is beneficial to think about what it was like to be inside of one. In killing centers there wasn ’t much to see. The Jews or Africans or whoever was deemed unworthy of living by the Germans
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It also created solutions containing varying levels of concentrations and densities. Equations were used to figure the molecular weight of the sugar‚ and the number of moles of sugar in the volumetric flask. There was also an equation to figure the Molarity‚ as well. As a result of the experiment‚ I now have a better understanding of the density of a concentration‚ and what Molarity is . Observations Data Table 8: Initial Concentration Chemical Mass (g) Molecular Weight (g) Moles in Volumetric
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The main concentration camp was Auschwitz. Auschwitz was the largest camp that was created by the Nazi. It was broken down into three main camps. The first camp was built in April 1940. It was known as Auschwitz 1. The second camp was built in October 1941. It was known as Birkenau. The third Camp was built in October 1942. It was known as Buna. The number of Victims in the Auschwitz Complex alone were absurd. The SS and police killed about 1.1 million people of all different backgrounds out of the
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Experiment 6 Preparation and reactions of boric acid Objectives: To prepare boric acid from sodium tetraborate (borax) To carry out tests on the prepared sample of boric acid To study the physical and chemical properties of boric acid Introduction: Boron is an element in the p-block of the periodic table. It has the electron configuration of 1s22s22p1 and is in group 3 or goup 13 (IUPAC classification). In nature‚ it consists of two isotopes 10B (19.6%) and 11B (80.4%). Boron is bonded
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the experiment was performed to conduct quality control analysis on two commercial products to determine the amount of acid or base active in these two products and then compare the results to those of the manufacture. This was done through the preparation of standardized acid solution and standardized base solution‚ and through titration. The purpose of titration was to determine the concentration levels of the commercial products being used. Methods and Materials Week One: the experiment started
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