four carboxylic acid groups has an electron pair to donate to a metal ion center‚ making EDTA a hexadentate (“six-toothed”) ligand which forms an octahedral complex. Fig. 2. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Fig. 3. EDTA4– chelating a calcium ion. REV 2012-02-13 COMPLEXOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF WATER HARDNESS PAGE 1 OF 4 CHM152LL LAB MANUAL COMPLEXOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF WATER HARDNESS
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developed to "soften" hard water; i.e.‚ remove the calcium and magnesium ions. Water can be softened in a number of ways. An automatic water softener connected to water supply pipes removes magnesium and calcium from water and replaces them with sodium. Sodium does not react with soap or detergents. If you don’t have an automatic water softener‚ you can still soften laundry water by adding softeners directly to the wash water. These softeners combine with calcium and magnesium‚ preventing the minerals from
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predominantly calcium and magnesium‚ and is measured as the equivalent concentration of calcium carbonate (in milligrams per litre). Water hardness is usually noticed because of difficulty in lathering soap and the formation of a scum in the bathtub. Ca2+ and Mg2+ form insoluble salts with soaps causing precipitation of the soap scum. Another effect of hard water is “boiler scale”. When hard water comes into contact with dissolved carbonates‚ a precipitate of insoluble calcium carbonate forms
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sodium EDTA as the chelating agent to form complexes with the metal impurities in the solutions calcium carbonate and unknown sample. Complexes will form from sodium EDTA reacting with impurities because each element from disodium EDTA carboxylic acid groups will donate an electron pair to the metal impurities ion center. ammonia/ammonium chloride buffer used in today’s lab will reassure calcium metal ions and metal ions in unknown water sample remain in solution being determined for accurate
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Calcium Everyone needs to take care of its body as it is the only place you have to live in – living healthy life is the passion of people and spend much money but ever you thought what is the important ingredient of healthy lifestyle? Calcium is the most abundant mineral of the body and found naturally in many items that strengthen your bones‚ teeth and ensure other body systems work properly – you can get calcium from food but some people need to take medical supplements to enrich their body with
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History of Calcium- Calcium is a very interesting element that has a lot to tell about itself. There is much history to be learned about calcium. Calcium was actually discovered by Humphry Davy in 1808. Calcium’s name happens to come from the latin ‘calx’ meaning lime. Lime (calcium oxide‚ CaO) was a useful material that was created by heating limestone. Before the discovery of calcium‚ a man named Antoine Lavoisier classified the lime as “earth” because it was very difficult‚ almost
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Self Heating Food and Drink Cans Heater meals – originally developed for military use – are ready-made self-heating meal packs. They can be heated in many ways – by pressing a button on the packaging‚ unwrapping and shaking the pack‚ or pouring the contents of one bag into another and waiting for a few minutes – all of which use exothermic chemical reactions. These meals can be used to motivate students to study such reactions relatively safely and without the use of a burner. Plus there is the
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Fireworks were created for the purpose of entertainment and today they are used in celebration to mark special occasions. Behind all the excitement of fireworks‚ chemistry plays an important role in creating the variety of colors we witness lighting up in the sky. Creating firework colors is a complex‚ There are two main mechanisms of color production in fireworks‚ incandescence and luminescence. All light has some color and color is produced by our perception of light. So light and color
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SCH 3U0 May 7th 2013 Percent Yield of Calcium Carbonate Introduction: The purpose of this experiment is to examine the percent yield of a precipitate in a double displacement reaction. A solution of calcium citrate and sodium carbonate were mixed together‚ then the products were filtered out as so only the precipitate remained. The filtered paper was then dried and the mass of the precipitate in the experiment divided by the theoretical mass of the precipitate from the calculated gave the
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COCONUT SUGAR ADDED WITH ANTI-FERMENATION AGENT – WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE! Anti-fermentation agent made of lime‚ calcium hydroxide or sodium metabisulfite are openly and traditionally use by most coconut sugar producing countries. Adding Anti-fermentation agent is use as customarily use by coconut sugar processor if they will harvest the coconut sap every 12 hours like every 6:00 AM and 6:00PM. The advantages of using of anti-fermentation agents is they are able to used taller coconut trees at lower
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