Per capita income as a measure of prosperity Per capita income is often used as average income‚ a measure of the wealth of the population of a nation‚ particularly in comparison to other nations. Per capita income is often used to measure a country’s standard of living. It is usually expressed in terms of a commonly used international currency such as the Euro or United States dollar‚ and is useful because it is widely known‚ easily calculated from readily-available GDP and population estimates
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Recently‚ a term known as income inequality has been thrown around in the debate between the rich and the poor. Income inequality is the unfair and ever expanding disparity between the nation ’s highest-income households‚ and the lowest-income households. Although it ’s impossible to establish 100% equality‚ due to it being unfair to give everyone the same exact income even though certain individuals work harder than others‚ thus it should be our
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In a 2 to 3 page paper‚ evaluate the three methods of analysis: horizontal‚ vertical‚ and ratio as explained in Chapter 9 of your textbook. Summarize each method‚ and discuss how the financial information is used to make a particular decision. Provide a scenario in a health care situation in which a given method of analysis might be used. Horizontal: "Horizontal analysis‚ also called trend analysis‚ refers to studying the behavior of indi- vidual financial statement items over several accounting
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ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS FOR CHAPTER 1 (Questions are in bold print followed by answers.) 2. What is meant by a mortgage-backed security? A mortgage-backed security is a security backed by one or more mortgage loans. Like a bond that is callable‚ a mortgage-backed security allows the investor to grant the borrower an option. 4. What is the cash flow of a 10-year bond that pays coupon interest semiannually‚ has a coupon rate of 7%‚ and has a par value of $100‚000? The principal or par
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the growing inequality between wages and profits. Through looking at these two relationships we can see the worsening condition of the distribution of income and wealth in Australia. When looking at changes in income in Australia‚ the recent trends (as seen in diagram 1 and diagram 2) shows the top 20% or highest quintile‚ increasing their income share from an averaged 38% in 1994/95 to over 41% in 2007/08. This increase has resulted from the long period of economic growth‚ characterised by increasing
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Low income community is the target market for extreme value retailers like Dollar General and Family Dollar. But they also serve the rural and urban shoppers that belong to low-to-middle-income families‚ ethic groups and older customers with fixed incomes. The low income families experience significant higher levels of material hardships than families one rung father up the economic ladder – families with incomes two to three times the poverty level. They tend to skip meals or not being
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ZARA Income Statement Period Ending: 2012 31/12 2011 31/12 2010 31/12 2009 31/12 Total Revenue 82.98 78.19 89.69 76.7 Revenue 82.98 78.19 89.69 76.7 Other Revenue‚ Total - - - - Cost of Revenue‚ Total 60.29 56.72 59.02 52 Gross Profit 22.69 21.47 30.67 24.7 Total Operating Expenses 77.61 73.35 74.12 63.51 Selling/General/Admin. Expenses‚ Total 3.69 3.24 3.96 3.56 Research & Development - - - - Depreciation / Amortization 13.63 13.38 11.14 7
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COMPARATIVE METHOD (COMPARISON APPROACH) Principle 1. The subject property is compared to similar properties that have recently been sold for capital value‚ or rented for rental value. 2. The underlying assumption is that if the subject property had been in competition with the comparable property‚ and‚ appealing to the same class of purchaser‚ it would have been in the same market and would have fetched the same price. 3. The principle of substitution is thus intrinsic to this approach
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some consumers. Proportion of income required by the item: products requiring a larger portion of the consumer’s income tend to have greater elasticity. • Time period considered: elasticity tends to be greater over the long run because consumers have more time to adjust their behavoir to price changes. Income elasticity of demand measure the degree of responsiveness of quantity demanded of good X to a given change in level of income‚ ceteris paribus. Income elasticity of demand is calculated
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data provided by Emmanuel Saez to show that there is a linear relationship between income share and the percentage of children attending college. Thus as income share increases the percentage of children receiving education increases. Children who are from poor families do not have the same advantages as rich families. However‚ Bruce Sacerdote has conflicting data. Sacerdote writes that 33% of variance of family income is due to genetics‚ 11% is due to family environment‚ and 56% are environmental factors
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