Assess the view that the Supreme Court was the most important branch of the federal government in assisting African Americans achieve their civil rights in the period 1865-1992 Many people would agree that the Supreme Court was the most important branch of the federal government in assisting African Americans achieve their civil rights between 1865-1992. For example‚ the Supreme Court overturned African American convictions in the Powell vs. Alabama Case in 1932 and the Brown vs Board of Education
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final execution of federal laws in the United States is its Supreme Court. Article III of the United States Constitution states‚ "[t]he judicial Power of the United States‚ shall be vested in one Supreme Court‚ and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish." The Supreme Court was subsequently established by the first bill introduced in the United States Senate‚ the Judiciary Act of 1789. The court convened for the first time in February 1790 in New York City‚
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Order 9066‚ which said that all Japanese Americans were to be put into internment camps. Instead of following this‚ he became a fugitive. His conviction for disobeying that order led to a test of the order’s legality before the United States Supreme Court in Korematsu v. United States. (2 points) |Score | | | 2. According to the first paragraph from the excerpts of the majority opinion‚ what did the U.S. government believe some Japanese Americans would
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have their own court systems. Therefore‚ while the Constitution states that the federal government is supreme with regard to those powers delegated to it‚ the states remain supreme in matters reserved to them. Both the federal and state governments need their own court systems to apply and interpret their laws which are done by specifically spelling out the jurisdiction of their respective court systems. U.S. District Courts‚ U.S. Circuit Courts of Appeal‚ and the U.S. Supreme Court are all one type
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powers of the United States Supreme Court. First‚ the U.S. Constitution and Supreme Court are at the top of a pyramid with a very wide state and local base of criminal justice administration. So the Supreme Court has to depend on local courts‚ prosecutors‚ and police officers to apply its decisions to day-to-day operations. Second‚ and just as important‚ U.S. Courts of Appeals‚ U.S. District Courts‚ and state courts answer constitutional questions the Supreme Court hasn’t answered yet—and often never
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Marbury v. Madison (1803‚ Marshall). The court established its role as the arbiter of the constitutionality of federal laws‚ the principle is known as judicial review Fletcher v. Peck (1810‚ Marshall). The decision stems from the Yazoo land cases‚ 1803‚ and upholds the sanctity of contracts. McCulloch v. Maryland (1819‚ Marshall). The Court ruled that states cannot tax the federal government‚ i.e. the Bank of the United States; the phrase "the power to tax is the power to destroy"; confirmed the
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THE EUROPEAN COURT OF JUSTICE AND THE SUPREMACY OF EC LAW I. INTRODUCTION In the making and promulgation of Community law‚ the European Court of Justice (ECJ) plays a crucial role. Many of the fundamental doctrines of EC law are not to be found in the Treaties‚ or secondary EC legislation‚ but in the case law of the European Court. No provision of the Treaty on European Union (TEU) contains an express term regulating the issue of the supremacy between the Community and the various
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Supreme Court Justice Sonia Maria Sotomayor 1954 – Justice Sotomayor was nominated by President Barack Obama to the Supreme Court on May 26‚ 2009. A vacancy became open upon the retirement of Justice Souter. If her nomination and approval by the Senate is approved‚ she would become the 111th Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Her confirmation hearing by the Senate did not go without controversy. Justice Sotomayor gave a speech at the University of California‚ Berkeley
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subsequent endorsements by Supreme Court http://presidentmusharraf.wordpress.com/2009/02/01/musharraf-validity-by-supreme-court/ 1- On 13 May 2000‚ Pakistan’s 12 member Supreme Court unanimously validated the October 1999 coup and granted Musharraf executive and legislative authority for 3 years from the coup date. Justice Iftikhar Chaudhry was one of the judges that validated. (Link) 2- On 7 October 2002‚ the 5 member bench of Supreme Court validated LFO and amendments to constitution
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enlargement. The Court of Justice was established in 1952 and since then it is located in Luxembourg. Its original name was Court of the European Coal and Steel Community. Its name was changed to the Court of Justice in 1958‚ which is used by 2009. After the Lisbon Treaty its new name is the Court of Justice. The Court of Justice structure consists of the General Court‚ the EU and the Tribunal‚ each of which with its own functions and responsibilities. The composition of the Court (also called the
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