one among the family members of Prophet Muhammad. Both these group appointed their own leaders as the successor and that was the starting point of the rift. Sunnis chose their new leader to be Caliph meaning head of the state. They selected Abu-bakar‚ a close follower and friend of Prophet Muhammad as the Caliph. The Shi’ites chose their new leader to be their Imam meaning head of the state. They selected Ali (Prophet Muhammad’s Son-in-law) as the Imam. After this division‚ both the groups wanted the
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The Abbasid Revolution The Abbasid Dynasty‚ known to its supporters as the ‘blessed dynasty’‚ which imposed its authority on the Islamic empire in 132/750‚ claimed to inaugurate a new era of justice‚ piety and happiness. The dynasty ruled the Islamic Caliphate from 750 to 1258 AD‚ making it one of the longest and most influential Islamic dynasties. For most of its early history‚ it was the largest empire in the world‚ and this meant that it had contact with distant neighbors such as the Chinese
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Umayyad dynasty‚ started after the death of the fourth caliph. The Umayyad dynasty comes from a long line of members of the Umayyad clan from Quraysh. Mu’awiyya was the first ruler of the Umayyad dynasty and he started an illegitimate kingship. He and his family members claimed to be imams of guidance‚ and the salvation for Muslims. There first downfall was the rule of the third caliph Uthman. He granted himself more power than the other caliphs and he had private interests at the expense of public
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BYZANTIUM and ISLAM I) Byzantium and Post Roman World A) Western European Civilization (weak and fragmented) B) Islamic World (wealthiest and largest) C) Byzantine Empire (NW Med and successor to Rome) II) The Latin Phase‚ 325-610 A) Diocletian ( r. 285-305) -creates Eastern and Western Roman Empires ruled by autocrats -trying to end civil war and contested dynastic claims B) Constantine ( r. 306-337) C) Justinian ( r. 527-565) -520s/530s after massive earthquake Justinian
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conquered land in peace and ordered the military personnel not to force the natives to convert to Islam. Umar is probably one of the most common Muslim names. Many parents choose this name because it honors an important figure in Islam‚ the second Caliph. Umar ibn al-Khattab (RA) went from one of Islam’s strongest opponent to Islam’s most committed believers. There is a limited amount of information of Umar (RA)’s early
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of the 19th century. The caliphate passed from the Abbasids to the Ottomans with Selim’s conquest of Mamluk Egypt in 1517‚ upon which event the Holy Mantle of the Prophet (Hýrka-i Sa`âdet) was given to Selim by al-Mutawakkil III‚ the last Abbasid caliph. The dispatching of holy relics to Istanbul would continue thereafter‚ particularly during the period of increasing Wahhabi assaults on holy places and objects in the late 18th and the 19th century‚ when such objects were gradually removed to the
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leader was elected out of those most capable of the job. Abu Bakr was the first Caliph of the Islamic nation. The word “Sunni” in Arabic means “one who follows the traditions of the Prophet.” The word “Shia” in Arabic means “a group or supportive party of people.” They are also known as “followers of the Prophet.” Shias believe that Imams are descendants of the Prophet. Sunnis accept that the first four Caliphs were followers of Mohammad‚ but do not grant any kind of divinely inspired status
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Muslims during the Golden Age In less than a century after Muhammad created the Islamic faith and state‚ Muslims and the new cultural power of Islam controlled half of the civilized world. Expansion that started with the rule of the Rightly Guided Caliphs continued under the Umayyad Dynasty‚ which ruled from A.D 661 to 750. Islam gained political control and influence from Spain to the borders of China. In A.D. 750‚ the Abbasids replaced the Umayyad and the capital of Islam changed from Damascus in
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UICI 2022– F1 SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY & MANKIND DR. ABDUL AZEEZ YUSUF BOOK REVIEW: Book Review of “Lost History” by Michael Hamilton Morgan (30th NOVEMBER 2012) BY MEHRAN QADRI (A11CS2005) AHMAD AL RAZI (A11KP2008) MUHAMMAD SAYID SABIQ (AC102001) 1. Introduction The book that we have chosen to review is titled “Lost History‚ the Enduring Legacy of Muslim Scientists‚ Thinkers and Artists”. The author of the book is Michael Hamilton Morgan
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Shura which means “Consultation” in arabic. The real meaning of shura is the peoples right to take part in the formation of their government and their right to decide their affairs and choose a leader on the merit of his adherence and making him accountable for the decisions they make and creating a condition that would benefit the nation. Both shura and democracy are correlated to each other. Both thereby believe on ruling people on the bases laws rather then ruling individuals or a family of
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