defeated the Byzantines in the Mediterranean Sea. The Umayyad’s had an Allegiant and unified army of Arab fighters. By 705CE the Umayyads also had a very efficient administration‚ department of tax and war‚ post office and a chief secretary lead by caliph Abd al-malik. Under Abd al-malik there was the construction of major buildings including great mosques and major road construction. The Abbasid Dynasties used many different methods of expansion. After Abu Al-Abbas took over rule with the help of
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with a specific race or group of peoples and therefore did not spread with the purpose of expanding an empire. However‚ both Islam and Christianity spread through missionary work. After Muhammad’s death Islam spread rapidly under the first four caliphs through military conquest and the purpose of expanding the Arab empire. “The wars of expansion were also advanced by the devotion of the faithful to the concept of jihad.” (history-world.org‚ “Islam From the Beginning to 1300‚” Peter N. Stearns‚ 2002)
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associated with Nazi Germany‚ its roots actually extend far back into the ancient times. For example in 212 BC‚ the Chinese emperor Shih Huang Ti burned all the books in his kingdom so that history might begin with him (Freedom to Read). In 460 AD Omar the caliph ordered for over 200‚000 volumes in the library of Alexandria to be burnt in a vast bonfire (Mullins). Then in 1933 in Nazi Germany‚ enormous bonfires spread across Berlin burning thousands of books (Schwartz). "Do you ever read any of the books you
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Chiquita Granville Friday‚ April 13th‚ 2012 Deborah Heckwolf A.P. World History – 8th period Triangular trade and Erie Canal also started during this period creating a bigger market to produce. Trade between nations on a global scale has changed through our history dramatically with transportation. Concepts that distinguish 1750 – 1900 from previous eras in world history included: industrialization‚ imperialism‚ and nationalism Basically‚ industrialization helped change the production of
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Towards the end of the 11th century‚ the ongoing animosity between the religions of Christianity and Islam would reach its breaking point. The destruction of the Christian Church of the Holy Sepulcher by Fatimid Caliph al-Hakim‚ the capture of the city of Jerusalem by the Muslims and the ongoing tensions between the Christian Byzantine Empire and its Muslim neighbors‚ would prompt Pope Urban II to call for European Christians to take up arms and passionately state “whoever shall set forth to liberate
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scholars at The House of Wisdom in Baghdad. Their task there included the translation of Greek scientific manuscripts. In addition‚ they worked on algebra‚ geometry‚ and astronomy. Under the patronage of Al-Mamum‚ he dedicated two of his texts to the Caliph- his treatise on algebra and on astronomy. The algebra treatise- Hiss al-jabr w’al-muqabala‚ was his most known and significant of all of his works. It is this text that gives us the word "algebra" and is the first known book written on algebra
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Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was born in Mecca on Monday‚ Rabi-al-Awwal 12‚ 53 BH‚ or December 9‚ 571 AD‚ 50 days after the attack of Abrah‚ the ruler of Yemen‚ with his army of elephants on Ka’aba (as described in Holy Qura’n in Surah Feel -- Chapter Elephant). He belonged to the clan of Hashim. Banu Hashim was a noble branch of the prestigious and influential tribe of Quraish. His father had died before his birth. He was nursed by Sobia and then by Halima Sadia‚ with whom he stayed for four years.
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year of the Islamic calendar. Muhammad returned to Mecca in 630 A.D.‚ with an army‚ and conquered the city. By the time Muhammad died in 632‚ much of the Arabian Peninsula was under Islamic rule. After Muhammad ’s death‚ Muslims were guided by caliphs‚ or successors. Throughout the next 1100 years‚ as various peoples began controlling different parts of the Arabian Peninsula‚ a drifting away from the teachings of Islam was apparent. Then‚ in the mid 1700s‚ Saudi ruler Muhammad ibn Saud‚ from
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1. (TCO 1) Historical research involves four main tasks. Analyze refers to the task of (Points : 2) | locating primary sources to learn the facts. asking questions like "Who created the source and why?" analyzing all the available primary sources and judging which is the most accurate. distributing the new findings to the world. | 2. (TCO 2) The Big Three were (Points : 2) | Stalin‚ Eisenhower‚ and Churchill. Stalin‚ Hitler‚ and Mussolini.
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Khilafat movement In 1919 Gandhi‚ with his weak position in Congress‚ decided to broaden his base by increasing his appeal to Muslims. The opportunity came from the Khilafat movement‚ a worldwide protest by Muslims against the collapsing status of the Caliph‚ the leader of their religion. The Ottoman Empire had lost the World War and was dismembered‚ as Muslims feared for the safety of the holy places and the prestige of their religion. Although Gandhi did not originate the All-India Muslim Conference
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