Prophet Muhammad. As stated in the textbook‚ “The Shia sect originated as a party supporting the appointment of Ali-a cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad-and his descendants as caliphs” (Bentley‚ 212). A caliph is a spiritual leader of Islam or a ruler of the Baghdad‚ claiming to be the successor of Muhammad. Ali acted as a caliph after Muhammad died‚ but was killed by his enemies shortly after. Supporters of Ali started the different sect (Shia)‚ in hopes of strengthening the belief that Ali and his
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becomes the religious and political leader . Why was Islam Attractive? • • • • Equality no intermediaries End to vendettas & feuds Single authority Spread of Islam • Muhammad dies in 632 A.D. • Left no clear successor or heir • The position of Caliph
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from the Arabian Peninsula‚ it was adopted by various peoples and nations in Asia and Africa. During this period‚ the new Islamic states were to found their political and legal foundations. The caliphs continued to spread the moral teachings of the Qur’an over an ever-increasing territory. The First Caliph: Abu-Bakr Abu-Bakr‚ Muhammad’s close friend‚ took over as the active religious leader of Islam. In response to this‚ many tribes either left Islam‚ refused to pay their taxes‚ or began claiming
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Abstract The division of spiritual and temporal in Christianity has taken a long time to be enacted into the political theory of the occidental mind. There is a long history of church rule behind today’s secular political thinking. Which recognizes religion as of no significance in the eye of the state. They have taken the sovereignty from God and put it into the hands of the people. In doing so they have declared collective human conscience as their guide and have rejected all sorts of scriptures
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mark on Egypt. The Fatimid’s existed during the Islamic Golden Age in which philosophers‚ scientists and engineers of the Islamic world contributed to the world. Fatima‚ the daughter of prophet Mohamed‚ married Ali. Ali then became the fourth caliph of Isalm but not all the people were pleased with that which consequently split the people into two groups; the orthodox Muslim were known as Sunnis and the family of Ali‚ the Fatimites named after his wife Fatima were known as Shi’ites. The Fatimites
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Jews‚ had the right to practice their faiths‚ but could not spread it. Along with this they paid special taxes. In 632‚ Muhammad died and one of this converts‚ Abu Bakr‚ succeeded Muhammad and became the new caliph. Abu spread the faith as far as Arabia. Even after the death of Abu‚ new caliphs after him continued to spread
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PART ONE INTRODUCTION Sokoto Jihad and the formation of the Caliphate The greatest and certainly the most influential of the nineteenth century jihads was that of Usman dan Fodio. He was a Fulani of the Torodbe clan which had migrated to Gobir‚ in north-western Hausaland‚ many generations before. He was born in 1754 into a scholarly family and he and his younger brother Abdullahi‚ were given a broad Islamic education. At that time of his youth‚ Gobir‚ as have seen‚ had become the most powerful
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World of Islam: Arabic Civilization Terms and Identifications: Islam: Monotheistic religion announced by the prophet Muhammad (570-632); influenced by Judaism and Christianity‚ Muhammad was considered the final prophet because the earlier religions had not seen the entire picture; Quran is the holy book of Islam. Quran: Holy scripture of Islam; also known as “the recitation”; Believed to be the word of God; written record of ethical and social guidance that Muhammad told his followers;
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Harun al Rashid and Mu’mun were two of the greatest caliphs of the Abbasid Dynasty but they both had their strengths and weaknesses when it came to how they ran their dynasty. Yet some can suggest that they both had political strengths and a vigor who made the Muslim empire the greatest world civilization of the time. Harun al Rashid was the caliph and Mu’mun was his son who became caliph only after he killed his brother Amin. Harun al Rashid was caliph in 786 and his reign has been stated as one of
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honour of giving bath to the dead body of the Prophet (saw) and lay him in the grave. The Prophet (saw) declared him his brother when the brotherhood took place in Madina. He took oath on the caliphates of the first three caliphs an important advisor to all caliphs. 4th Caliph He was assassinated in Kufa in 660 AD‚ 60 AH among the ten blessed
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