founded in 1988. Al Qaeda was formed during the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. Financed by Bin Laden‚ they have camps based in Afghanistan and Sudan. Their objective is to end foreign influence in Muslim countries and to create a new Islamic caliphate (wikipedia). Initially‚ Al Qaeda targeted the governments of Saudi Arabia and Egypt. The United States became a target after the start of the Gulf War. In addition to directing its’ own attacks‚ it acts as an umbrella group financing and subcontracting
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The Silk Road was a trade network the connected the East to the West on the Eurasian continent. This trade included both overland and maritime routes. The central Asian kingdoms and peoples became the nexus point for much of this trade which lasted from the 3rd century B.C.E. to the 15th century C.E. Many products and other cultural expressions moved along the Silk Road and diffused among various kingdoms along it. In breaking down and separating the patterns of interaction that occurred along the
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The end of the Cold War and the demise of the Soviet communist empire have shown the dominance of liberal democracy and capitalism over all other possible alternatives. The emerging ``New World Order`` has been characterized by the collapse of communism and the global demand for democracy. Fukuyama even went as far as declaring the ``end of history``: `what we may be witnessing is not the end of the Cold War‚ or the passing of a particular period of postwar history‚ but the end of history as such:
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descendant of Ali and so Muhamad to have the prophete blood. Sunni gives the caliphate to the best muslim. • Religion practice also differs. For Shii‚ they think Caliphs and Imams can interpret the coran. For Sunni‚ interpretation.are not really accepted. There is also the 7 revealed / 7 hidden imman theory in Shiism. • Today : 90% of Muslim are Sunni. In the 10th Century‚ 50% and the two main caliphate were ruled by Shii. • Arabs / Persians Economic and Political stakes
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post-Classical trade networks compare to the previous era? Enlarging networks advanced greater inter-regional borrowing while at the same time sustaining regional diversity. The enlargement of existing including China‚ the Byzantine Empire‚ and the Caliphates. Also new empires like the Mongols facilitated trans-Eurasian trade and communication as new people were drawn into their conquerors’ economies and
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Hakīm Abu’l-Qāsim Ferdowsī Tūsī (Persian: حکیم ابوالقاسم فردوسی توسی) known as Ferdowsi (فردوسی; also spelled as Firdausi; 940–1020 CE) was a highly revered Persian poet. He was the author of the Shahnameh‚ the national epic of Iran and related societies. The Shahnameh was originally composed by Ferdowsi for the princes of the Samanid dynasty‚ who were responsible for a revival of Persian cultural traditions after the Arab invasion of the seventh century. The Shahnameh chronicles the legendary
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The Middle East was left in turmoil after the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War 1 and its eventual dissolution in 1922‚ initiated by the Allies. The Ottoman Empire was a multinational‚ multilingual empire and the official state Dīn of the empire was Sunni Islam‚ although there was a hegemonic power of Muslim control over the non-Muslim population‚ non-Muslim communities in the Ottoman Empire had been granted state recognition and protection in the Islamic tradition. With the Empires
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An Analysis of the Turkish and Christian Factors that Instigated the Battle of Hattin 1187 Islam in Europe 3258 Professor Aitana Guia Submitted by: Sunaina Mannan 209 334 574 York University To account for the many factors that gave birth to the fall of Jerusalem in 1187‚ one must consider many interrelated and yet parallel factors that shaped The Battle of Hattin; as this was a historic battle for both the Turks and Crusaders. Respectively
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Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the realist paradigm for the analysis of international politics in the region. Realism with its emphasis on war among great powers‚ and security competition has been a dominant player in the study of International Relations. It has assisted theorists in understanding human nature‚ how states interact with each other and portraying things in their true nature‚ by showing them for what they really are. In it’s aesthetic sense it is
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I The Two Periods of the Rise and Decline of the Muslim Ummah ............ "In the Name of Allah‚ Most Gracious‚ Most Merciful". The Two Periods of the Rise and Decline of the Muslim Ummah The Twentieth century of the Christian era‚ according to our analysis‚ presents a decisive turning point in the history of the Muslim Ummah (community). At the end of the first quarter of the century the state of the Muslim world had taken a definite turn‚ and there were some signs of resuscitation in
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