Chapter 14 14.3. Explain the principle of risk-neutral valuation. The price of an option or other derivative when expressed in terms of the price of the underlying stock is independent of risk preferences. Options therefore have the same value in a risk-neutral world as they do in the real world. We may therefore assume that the world is risk neutral for the purposes of valuing options. This simplifies the analysis. In a risk-neutral world all securities have an expected return equal to risk-free
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Puts and Calls Itô Refresher Appendix* Introduction Markus Leippold University of Zurich Chris Bardgett University of Zurich Elise Gourier University of Zurich Financial Engineering – September‚ 2012 Introduction 1 / 97 Historical Degression Setting the Stage No-Arbitrage Bounds Relations between Puts and Calls Itô Refresher Appendix* Outline 1 Historical Degression Setting the Stage No-Arbitrage Bounds Relations between Puts and Calls Itô Refresher
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MATH 5034 – Investments Review Questions 1. Consider a portfolio that offers an expected rate of return of 12% and a standard deviation of 18%. T-bills offer a risk-free 7% rate of return. What is the maximum level of risk aversion for which the risky portfolio is still preferred to bills? You may use the following utility function: U Er 0.005 A 2 . 2. The optimal proportion of the risky asset in the complete portfolio is given by the 2 equation y* = (E[rP] rf) / (.01A P ). For
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forward contract and the options contract. Answer: There is no up-front cost of hedging by forward contracts. In the case of options hedging‚ however‚ hedgers should pay the premiums for the contracts up-front. The cost of forward hedging‚ however‚ may be realized ex post when the hedger regrets his/her hedging decision. 4. What are the advantages of a currency options contract as a hedging tool compared with the forward contract? Answer: The main advantage of using options contracts for hedging
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Definition of ’Market Indicators’ A series of technical indicators used by traders to predict the direction of the major financial indexes. Most market indicators are created by analyzing the number of companies that have reached new highs relative to the number that created new lows‚ also known as market breadth. What is active management? Actively managed investment funds are‚ like their namesake‚ run by a professional fund manager or investment research team‚ who make all the investment decisions
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the amount of debt it has. Option Pricing Theory Can find the value of an option. Shares are a call option on the firm’s assets. 3 Two concepts Equilibrium Equilibrium prices: those at which‚ on average‚ the number of buyers at that price equals the number of sellers. Arbitrage Two portfolios having identical cashflows (with identical risk) must have identical value. Otherwise one may arbitrage between them. CAPM is an equilibrium theory. Option valuation relies on arbitrage
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disappear when spread across many investors? (Points : 1) Diversifiable Catastrophic Predictive Nondiversifiable | 5. Who from the following list would be considered a speculator by entering into a futures or options contract on commodities?(Points : 1) Corn delivery truck driver Food manufacturer Farmer None of the above | 6. Assume that you purchase 100 shares of Jiffy‚ Inc. common stock at the bid-ask prices of $32.00
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at a spot price of $63. $60 - $63 = ($3). $3 loss Question 2. The price of a stock is $36 and the price of a three-month call option on the stock with a strike price of $36 is $3.60. Suppose a trader has $3‚600 to invest and is trying to choose between buying 1‚000 options and 100 shares of stock. How high does the stock price have to rise for an investment in options to lead to the same profit as an investment in the stock? Answer: Let x = stock price. (x – 36)100 = (x – 3.6)1‚000 – 3‚600
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Contents Chapt~ 1 ExJ>ected Utilicy and Risk Aversion ..............................................................................• ! Chapt€11" 2 Mean-Varian.ce Analysis ................................................................................................ 6 Chapter 3 CAPM‚ Atbitmge‚ and Linear Factor Models .............................................................. 12 Chapter 4 Consumption-Savings Decisions and State Pricing............................................
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Contents: Introduction 4 Methodology 5 Uses of VIX 12 Investor Fear Gauge: 12 Hedging with VIX: 13 Hedging with VIX Options and Futures: 15 Risk management case study application: 16 Conclusion: 20 Bibliography: 21 Introduction The VIX is the ticker symbol for the volatility index that the Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE) created to measure the implied volatility of options on the S&P 500 index (SPX) over the next 30 calendar days. The formal name of the VIX is the CBOE Volatility Index
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