On Calvinism in Hawthorne’s Scarlet Letter ZHONGHAO Diao Abstract: Hawthorne is a famous American writer. He wrote many excellent novels‚ which are popular among the readers at home and abroad. He lived in 19th century when Puritanism was still prevailing. And his family members were strict followers of Puritanism‚ who did lots of extreme misdeeds. This kind of family background had influenced Hawthorne a lot. These two factors both contributed to Hawthorne’s writing style and themes. He believed
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Max Weber’s The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism is a study of the relationship between the ethics of ascetic Protestantism and the emergence of the spirit of modern capitalism. Weber argues that the religious ideas of groups such as the Calvinists played a role in creating the capitalistic spirit. Weber first observes a correlation between being Protestant and being involved in business‚ and declares his intent to explore religion as a potential cause of the modern economic conditions
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Natural Capitalism theory shows‚ how people decisions and needs influence on external environment: nature‚ animals and all others. It doesn’t mean that ‚this way of thinking wanted from us become more confident and careful about nature‚ but it shows‚ that there are still a lot of opportunities which people can support and apply ‚in order to change modern tendency of pollution process and uncontrolled wastes. The theory of Natural Capitalism was explained in book: “Natural Capitalism: Creating
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Calvinism sees the atonement as limited‚ while Arminianism sees it as unlimited. This is the most controversial of the five points. Limited atonement is the belief that Jesus only died for the elect. Unlimited atonement is the belief that Jesus died for all‚ but that His death is not effectual until a person receives Him by faith. Calvinism includes the belief that God’s grace is irresistible‚ while Arminianism says that an individual can resist the grace of God. Irresistible grace argues that when
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The idea of the absolute sovereignty of God‚ Calvinism is required to be understood. This basic principle of Calvinism clearly distinguishes itself from other Christian systems. Because it has a far more extensive view in which individual salvation is also important‚ it only constitutes a small part‚ while God’s view contains all government and religious systems‚ which include all domains. Thus‚ this principle‚ considering the world to be the possession of God‚ it began from God and equals to everything
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The influence of Calvinism diminished after Jonathan Edwards’s death‚ and afterwards America experienced this period of enlightenment subsequently forcing out all remaining Puritan views. With this new exposure to the enlightenment‚ America and it’s colonists begin to develop ideas largely dissenting away from traditional Puritan views on total depravity where ‘God is all‚ and man is nothing.’ The beliefs of ‘self-reliance’ or emergence began to trump the Puritan views and exposed all colonists in
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A wise man once said that everything is about sex‚ except for sex‚ which is about power. This may be perhaps a liberal analogy‚ but it is true that the inception of modern divorce in John Calvin’s Geneva is grounded in both the Protestant view on human sexuality as well as its sensibilities in maintaining order and authority. Both religious and political authorities saw the value in dissolving unhappy unions‚ for reasons of procreation as well as a means of maintaining authority. On the one hand
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Capitalism is a financially profitable‚ nonsustainable aberration in human development as it doesn’t completely conform to its own accounting principles and liquidates its capital and calls it income (Hawkins & Lovins‚ 1999‚ p. 5). Though this is true‚ the natural resources and living systems‚ as well as the social and cultural systems that are the basis of human capital‚ must be categorized as valuables in a system of natural capitalism due to the neglection of assigning any value to the largest
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Where Do We Go From Here Capitalism was good for the people of the United States‚ at least for a few years. The Golden Age of Capitalism‚ or the economic prosperity following the World War II in 1945‚ was good as long as it put more than food on the table and allowed many to live the elite life. America‚ indeed‚ paid a good deal for its love of Capitalism. But that was then‚ and just like any other love affair‚ the good relationship between America and Capitalism had to reach a conclusion. Unfortunately
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Max Weber’s The Protestant Ethic and the “Spirit” of Capitalism(1905; trans. Baehr & Wells 2002) is a pivotal text when considering the sociological and economic development of modern day capitalism. Writing in the beginning of the 20th Century‚ Weber was a thinker who adopted a more diverse and intricate way of considering society than the rather limited evolutionist or Marxist ways of thinking that were prevalent to his time. In this essay‚ Weber relates the ethical background of the Reformed religious
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