Search the web. Some interesting sites are listed below. Note that some of these sites go into much more depth than is reasonable for this course. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatography http://ull.chemistry.uakron.edu/analytical/Chromatography/ http://orgchem.colorado.edu/hndbksupport/TLC/TLC.html this is for TLC – similar to paper http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/C/Chromatography_paper.html http://jchemed.chem.wisc.edu/JCESoft/Programs/CPL/Sample/modules/paprchrom/paprchromdesc
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as time passes‚ the water will evaporate slowly from the solution. As the water evaporates‚ the solution becomes more saturated and sugar molecules will continue to come out of the solution and collect on the seed crystals on the string. The rock candy crystals grow molecule by molecule. 3. How do crystals form and how do we control its rate of growth? The key is giving them lots of time (about 7 days) to grow. As the water (the solvent) evaporates‚ sugar crystals form on the string or stick
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Thin Layer Chromatography Introduction Thin Layer Chromatography or TLC is a technique used as a separation and identification technique. There are many forms of chromatography‚ but one thing that remains constant throughout all of the types of chromatography is that there is a stationary phase and a mobile phase. In the case of TLC the stationary phase is the silica gel on the TLC tray. Procedure Chromatograph method is a method of separating mixtures of two or more compounds. Two phases
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In food it is common to use Nisin at levels depending on the food type regulatory approval. Nisin cannot be produced chemically therefore it has to be synthesised using fermentation. During fermentation various stages of growth occur and as a result different conditions can occur during this fermentation process‚ eg pH‚ most organisms produce acid as they grow and therefore in the Lag phase ( a period of adptation for the cells to their new environment‚ new enzymes are synthesized) and in
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OBJECTIVES: The objective of this experiment was to extract plant leaf pigments and determining them by using the Rf values obtained from the paper chromatography technique. The hypothesis of the experiment was that all of the five listed pigments would be present in the extracted plant leaf according to the Rf values. PROCEDURE/APPARATUS: The equipments used were a 18 x 150 mm test tube with stopper‚ graduated cylinders‚ Erlenmeyer flask‚ mortar and pestle‚ metric ruler‚ tall jar‚ acetone‚ tiny
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Chromatography refers to a set of laboratory methods used in separating as well as purifying biomolecules. A variety of chromatography techniques exist‚ and all depend on the interaction between a stationary and a mobile state. Two types of chromatography methods were examined in this investigation. First‚ ion-exchange chromatography was used. This method separates ions and polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger [2]. Specifically‚ cation-exchange chromatography was performed
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Abby Goldschmidt Honors Biology 2° Mrs. Gempel September 3‚ 2015 Daphnia Lab Results Paper Abstract The goal of the study was to observe the effects of multiple chemicals on a Daphnia magna’s heart-rate compared to a control (pond water). The different chemicals were caffeine and alcohol. The heart-rate was the main variable in this experiment. The Daphnia’s heart-rate was observed for 15 seconds and then multiplied by 4 to show its heart-rate in one minute. This was repeated 4 times for each
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Chromatography – Analyzing Analgesics by TLC and Isolation of β-Carotene by Column Chromatography Introduction/Background: Flavonoids are an important group of additives that can be defined as pure substances either natural‚ extracted from raw materials or synthetic. Chromatography is the separation of two or more compounds or ions caused by their molecular interactions with two phases – one moving and one stationary (Weldegirma 2012). Three types of chromatography are used
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Lab #3: Ion Exchange Chromatography Objective The purpose of this experiment was to separate proteins on the basis of their net charge at a particular pH. In cation exchange chromatography positively charged molecules are attracted to a negatively charged column. Conversely‚ in anion exchange chromatography‚ negatively charged molecules are attracted to a positively charged column. Experimental results could be monitored in a predictable way by controlling running pH‚ salt concentration‚ and by
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the Kool-Aid was correct. However‚ solely based upon the Rf values‚ the dyes in the green Kool-Aid are Red 40 and Yellow 6 as those are closet Rf value to the numeric data collected and calculated from the Kool-Aid chromatogram. However‚ the chromatography paper in both trials display that the dyes in Kool-Aid are a form of yellow and a form of blue because one color band was of a blue tint and the other‚ a yellow tint. Therefore‚ based on this qualitative data‚ the dyes in the green Kool-Aid are
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