bags of during the second quarter at a selling price of Rs 9 per kg 2. Each bag of P Requires 2.5 kgs of raw material Q and 7.5 kgs of raw material R. 3. Q costs Rs 1.20 per kg‚ R costs 20 paisa per kg and empty bag costs 80 paisa each 4. It requires 9 minutes of direct labour time to produce and fill one bag of P. Labour cost is Rs 5 per hour. 5. Variable manufacturing costs are Rs 0.45 per bag. Fixed manufacturing costs are Rs 30‚000 per quarter. 6. Variable selling and administration
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BUGETARY CONTROL MEANING AND NEED FOR BUDGET A budget is prepared to have effective utilisation of funds and for the realisation of objectives as efficiently as possible. Budgeting is a powerful tool to the management for performing its functions efficiently. The Chartered Institute of Management Accountants‚ ENGLAND defines budget as under‚ A plan quantified in monetary terms prepared and approved prior to a defined period of time usually
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Payroll System Contents Phase 1 Project Analysis and Planning 1.1. Study of the Problem 1.2. Project Scope 1.3. Objectives Phase 2 Cost Estimation Phase 3 Modeling the Requirements 3.1. Module Description 3.1.1. Login 3.1.2. Employee Details 3.1.3. Salary Details 3.1.4. Modify 3.2. UML Diagram 3.2.1. Use case Diagram 3.2.2. Class Diagram 3.2.3. Sequence Diagram 3.2.4. Collaboration
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shall be Rs. 800/- each and next Rs.900/- each. Provided that officers who have completed 3 yrs or more after receipt of the second stagnation increment as on 1.11.2007 will get the third stagnation increment on 1.11.2007 and another stagnation increment on or after 1.11.2008 on their completion of 6 years after receipt of second stagnation increment Officers in MMGS-II who have moved to scale of pay for MMGS-III after reaching max.shall be eligible for three stagnation increment of Rs.900/- each
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Decisions Involving Alternative Choices Structure: 13.1 Introduction Objectives 13.2 Decision Making 13.3 Types of Costs 13.4 Types of Choices Decisions 13.5 Make or Buy Decisions 13.6 Addition / Discontinuance of a Product line 13.7 Sell or Process Further 13.8 Operate or Shut down 13.9 Exploring New Markets 13.10 Maintaining a desired level of profit 13.11 Summary 13.12 Terminal Questions 13.13 Answers to SAQs and TQs 13.1 Introduction In the previous unit we learnt about Marginal
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Net Sales for 2009-10 at Rs.17‚523.80 crores (2008-09:Rs.16‚476.75 crores) grew by 6.4%. * Profit from Operations before Interest and Exceptional items for 2009-10 at Rs.2‚565.94 crores (2008-09: Rs. 2‚396.06 crores) grew by 7.1%. * Profit after Tax from ordinary activities before exceptional items for 2009-10 at Rs.2‚058.71 crores (2008-09:Rs. 2‚065.20 crores) declined marginally by 0.3%. * Net Profit for 2009-10 at Rs. 2‚202.03 crores (2008- 09: Rs. 2‚115.50 crores) grew by
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HISTORY & INTRODUCTION In 1947‚ Pakistan inherited 4 cement plants having total installed capacity of 0.5 million tons. Over the next 20 years‚ five cement units were established with aggregate production capacity of 3.2 million tons. Among these units Zeal Pak and Javedan were established in Sindh in the public sector. Maple Leaf‚ Gharibwal and Mustehkam were established in the province of Punjab. In 1972‚ the cement industry was nationalized which stopped further addition to capacity until 1977
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Particulars Rs Opening Creditors 25000 Purchase returns 5000 Cash paid to Crs 1‚30‚000 Closing Crs 15‚000 Problem 3 Calculate the following Ratios Current Assets Rs 5‚00‚000‚ Opening Stock – Rs 50‚000‚ Cl Stock Rs 1‚50‚000‚ Cost of Goods Sold –Rs 12‚00‚000 ‚ Gross profit – Rs 2‚00‚000 indirect expenses Rs 20‚000 ‚Equity Share Capital – Rs 7‚00‚000 ‚ 10 % Preference share capital - Rs 3‚00‚000‚ 12 % debentures – Rs 2‚00‚000‚ Current liabilities Rs 2‚00‚000 and General Reserve – Rs 1‚00
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ECO-02 Bachelor’s Degree Programme (BDP) ASSIGNMENT 2012-13 Elective Course in Commerce ECO-02: ACCOUNTANCY–1 For July 2012 and January 2013 admission cycle School of Management Studies Indira Gandhi National Open University Maidan Garhi‚ New Delhi-110 068 Elective Course in Commerce ECO-02: Accountancy–1 ASSIGNMENT – 2012-13 Dear Students‚ As explained in the Programme Guide‚ you have to do one Tutor Marked Assignment in this Course. Assignment is given 30% weightage in the final
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Total Profit b. P/V ratio c. Fixed costs d. BEP (amount) e. Safety margin % f. Sales volume required if desired profit is 14000 g. Profit if sales volume were 10% higher h. Sales volume required to maintain same profit if SP per unit reduced from Rs 10 to Rs 9 Ans Let additional units in 2nd half be X 43000 - 40000 = 3000 = V x X 50000 - 45000 = 5000 = S x X 3000/5000 = 60% = V/S = V/V ratio So P/V ratio = contribution/sales = 40% Of 95000‚ VC = 60% = 57000‚ Profit = 95000 - 83000 = 12000 So FC = 95000
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