budget is a key management tool for planning‚ monitoring‚ and controlling the finances of a project or organization. It estimates the income and expenditures for a set period of time for the particular project or organization. The main purpose of budgeting system is used for control. Budget has it own essential features‚ which includes policies‚ data‚ documentation and period. A budget id based on the policies needed to fulfill the objectives of the entity. Data is usually expressed in monetary terms
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Introduction The history of electricity development in Nigeria can be traced back to the end of the 19th century when the first generating power plant was installed in the city of Lagos in 1898. From then until 1950‚ the pattern of electricity development was in the form of individual electricity power undertaking scattered all over the towns. Some of the few undertaking were Federal Government bodies under the Public Works Department‚ some by the Native Authorities and others by the Municipal Authorities
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country? Surveys are made and reports being churned out that state the economic growth of a nation. Does the rate of this economic growth a true indicator in this regard? If that is true why is it then that even in the 21st century decades after the industrialization and years after globalization the proportion of developed countries to under-developed countries is still wide enough? The answer lies in the economic development of these countries. If the gross domestic product or national income
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Hospitality Financial Management Educators Volume 8 | Issue 1 Article 1 1-1-2000 A Survey of Capital Budgeting Methods Used by the Restaurant Industry Robert A. Ashley Stanley M. Atkinson Stephen M. LeBruto Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.umass.edu/jhfm Recommended Citation Ashley‚ Robert A.; Atkinson‚ Stanley M.; and LeBruto‚ Stephen M. (2000) "A Survey of Capital Budgeting Methods Used by the Restaurant Industry‚" Journal of Hospitality Financial Management: Vol. 8:
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Education and economic development The analysis of education as an economic commodity has a long history. The seminal work of Becker (1962) and Schultz(1962) presented a formal model of education as an investment good that augmented the stock of human capital. Individuals made educational choices in the same way as any other investment decision all of which have the common characteristic that an investment cost paid now produces a flow of benefits through time whose present discounted value is
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Social Capital and Rural Development Definition: The term social capital refers to the various norms‚ values and cultural aspects which govern the people living in a society and the institutions they are attached with. It is a kind of bonding that holds the societies and communities together and without which there can be no economic growth as per the desired expectations. Social Capital is considered as one of the most important capital available to the community for achieving developmental goals
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ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA: THE ROLE OF INDIVIDUAL ENTERPRISE (AND ENTREPRENEURIAL SPIRIT) Anil K. Lal* and Ronald W. Clement** The Indian economy provides a revealing contrast between how individuals react under a government-controlled environment and how they respond to a market-based environment. Evidence suggests that recent market reforms that encouraged individual enterprise have led to higher economic growth in that country. India can generate additional economic growth by fostering entrepreneurial
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Introduction The existence of a chronic state of “underdevelopment” is not only a question of economics or the simple quantitative measures of income‚ employment and gini-coefficient.Underdevelopment is a real fact of life for two billion people of the world- a state of mind as far as a state of national poverty. Gaulet (1971) poignantly describes under development as a shocking; the squalor‚ disease‚ unnecessary deaths and hopelessness of it all. The condition of underdevelopment in its totality
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An in Depth Look at Budgeting Budgeting plays an important role in many small businesses and large corporations. It is also considered the key to financial management. (Civicus) Why are budgets so important to businesses? Having a well developed budget will inform the company on how much money it will take to carry out its activities and will lower the possibility that the business will go bankrupt. “Budgets are used in managing the operations of government agencies‚ churches‚ hospitals‚ and other
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- A Capital Budgeting Method. (The evaluation of two mutually exclusive projects with varying lives requires careful examination of the existence of the reinvestment opportunities at the end of the different economic lives of the projects. The current article deals with a method that may be adopted in situations wherein the level of investments‚ the life of the projects and cash inflows (or outflows) are unequal.) Risk is inherent in almost every business decisions. Capital budgeting being
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