EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Working Capital is the required for maintenance of day to day business operations. The present day competitive market environment calls for an efficient management of working capital. The reason for this is attributed to the fact that an ineffective working capital management mat force the form to stop its business operations‚ may even lead to bankruptcy. Hence the goal of working capital management is not just concerned with the management of current assets and current liabilities
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Importance of Human Capital Human capital is the collective value of the capabilities‚ knowledge‚ skills‚ life experiences‚ and motivation of an organization’s workforce. It is also known as intellectual capital which is the knowledge‚ creativity‚ and decision making that people contribute in an organization (Zinni et al‚ 2011). Many companies focus far too much on measuring return on invested capital (ROIC) rather than measuring the contributions made by their talented employees (Bryan‚ 2007)
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Reforms of Capital Market The 1991-92 securities scam prompted the governments to increase the pace of reforms in the capital market. Several reform measures have been undertaken since then in both the primary and secondary segments of the equity market. Primary Capital Market 1) The Securities and Exchange Board of India was set up in early 1988 as a non-statutory body under an administrative arrangement. It was given statutory powers in January 1992 through the enactment of the SEBI Act‚ 1992
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major theories on capital structure: By way of a conventional start‚ perhaps it would be worth our while to look at what "capital structure" actually means. In broad terms‚ it is essentially the firms ’ mix of debt and equity but it would be wrong to assume that this is all there is to it. These two terms belie the complexity that lies beneath‚ from the viewpoint of the decisions that any firm must take - that is to say‚ what kind of debt and which type of equity. Capital structuring would then
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WHAT IS OVERTRADING? Overtrading means a situation of operating a business with insufficient long term capital to support the current volume of business. A situation in which a company is growing its sales faster than it can finance them. Overtrading often occurs when companies expand their own operations too quickly aggressively. Overtrading can arise even if the organization is trading profitably. Over-expansion of business is one of the main reasons for overtrading and therefore overtrading
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The last capital punishment in Canada was on December 11‚ 1962‚ and after fourteen years from that date on 1976‚ death penalty was removed from Canadian criminal law and replaced with a mandatory life sentence. During this time some people believe that death penalty should be reinstated in Canada to decrease the rate of crime. But below are some reasons that indicate why capital punishment abolished in Canada. People who are against the abolishment of capital punishment believe those criminal who
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The concept of human capital and knowledge management is that people possess skills‚ experience and knowledge‚ and therefore have economic value to organizations. These skills‚ knowledge and experience represent capital because they enhance productivity (Snell and Dean‚ 1992). Human capital theory postulates that some labor is more productive than other labor simply because more resources have been invested into the training of that labor‚ in the same manner that a machine that has had more resources
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Whatever may be the organization‚ working capital plays an important role‚ as the company needs capital for its day to day expenditure. Thousands of companies fail each year due to poor working capital management practices. Entrepreneurs often don ’t account for short term disruptions to cash flow and are forced to close their operations. In simple term‚ working capital is an excess of current assets over the current liabilities. Good working capital management reveals higher returns of current
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The Debate on Capital Punishment The Debate on Capital Punishment INTRODUCTION: Capital Punishment has been used for centuries‚ however‚ that does not mean that this form of punishment is universally accepted. Capital punishment has a long history of debate at least as long as the punishment itself. This debate is not resolved. To this day‚ it is a hot topic for most‚ even though 65 percent of adult Americans have indicated that they support this form of punishment. Additionally‚ this support
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Exercise on Unit 2 – Theories of Capital Structure 1. Companies U & L are identical in all respect except that U is unlevered while L is levered. Company L has Rs. 20 Lacs of 8% debentures outstanding. Assume a. All MM assumptions are met b. Tax rate is 35% c. EBIT is Rs. 6 Lacs d. Equity capitalization rate of company U is 10% Find the following: a. Value of each firm according to MM approach b. Suppose Value of U is Rs. 25 Lacs and Value of L Rs. 35 Lacs. According
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