THE JOURNAL OF FINANCE • VOL. LIII‚ NO. 4 • AUGUST 1998 Agency Costs‚ Risk Management‚ and Capital Structure HAYNE E. LELAND* ABSTRACT The joint determination of capital structure and investment risk is examined. Optimal capital structure ref lects both the tax advantages of debt less default costs ~Modigliani and Miller ~1958‚ 1963!!‚ and the agency costs resulting from asset substitution ~Jensen and Meckling ~1976!!. Agency costs restrict leverage and debt maturity and increase yield
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Essay on New Risk Mitigation Strategies and Resilient Supply Chain Question: Organization must be confident in the capabilities and resiliency of their supply chains. The lessons learned over the past several years from natural and human-caused disruptions demonstrate that supply chains cannot be taken for granted and that old approaches to risk mitigation and risk transfer require an upgrade to meet today’s challenges. Identify and describe the new risk mitigation strategies and how corporations
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Operational risk in major infrastructure projects/businesses Stephen Ward‚ University of Southampton‚ UK Professor of Management School of Management‚ University of Southampton‚ Highfield Campus‚ Southampton‚ SO17 1BJ ‚ UK Email: scw@soton.ac.uk Tel: +44 (0)23 8059 2556 and members of the OPrisk Working Group: Roger Allport‚ Chris Chapman‚ Chris Lewin‚ Mike Nichols and Gerald Orman . December 2008 Acknowledgements This research was funded by the Institution of Civil Engineers Research and
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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 INTRODUCTION Project management is the application of knowledge‚ skills‚ tools‚ and techniques to project activities in order to meet or exceed stakeholder needs and expectations from a project. Project risk management includes the processes concerned with identifying‚ analyzing‚ and responding to project risk. It includes maximizing the results of positive events and minimizing the consequences of adverse events. Generally‚ risk is a choice in an environment rather than
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practice it. Avoidance Fear Avoidance fear comes up when we hear something that we are unwilling to try or do. Avoidance fear manifests when the toddler refuses to hold his mother’s hand during a walk through the park. Avoidance fears limit our opportunities. They keep us in silos of racial and cultural segregation. Avoidance fears are particularly common with strong personalities. Why? They have strong strengths‚ and strong weaknesses. People who are more moderate suffer avoidance
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permanent nature 3. The utility and quality of goods remain unaffected‚ if not improved A cost reduction‚ which is a "hard" cost saving‚ usually takes the form of a tangible year-over-year bottom-line cost reduction such as: the direct reduction of a capital or operating expense‚ such as a decrease in the annual lease payments‚ a reduction in the telecommunications cost‚ or a reduced annual IT maintenance fee a process improvement that results in real and measurable cost reductions‚ such as a process
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Oil and gas exploration is known to be highly risky and cost-intensive projects that require capital investments decisions that are evaluated all the way from initiation of upstream explorations through midstream and downstream activities (Inkpen and Moffett‚ 2011). Risks in a project is an uncertain occurrence that can have a negative or positive impact (i.e. opportunities and threats) on ‘project objectives.’ Risks in a project also include proactive management of all stakeholder’s involved that
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FINAL EXAM MGT 5088 Project and Program Risk Management Susan H. Davenport August 6‚ 2009 1. Discuss Risk Process and Practices. Why do professionals mandate Risk Management? a) Discuss Risk Process and Practices. Project Managers must determine the success criteria for managing a project to identify risks that could possibly impede customer requirements. Risk Management is a disciplined‚ systematic process to obtain the maximum benefits associated
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Five Project Phases BUS697: Project Management Strategy Instructor Dr: Shawn Milligan Date April 7‚ 2014 When developing a new or current project there must be processes design throughout the project lifecycle that controls the start‚ middle and finish phases of the project; however these phases are typically in accordance with the organization’s business strategy. An organizations business strategic defines the roadmap in how the company should perform its business
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UNCERTAINTY AVOIDANCE What is uncertainty avoidance? Uncertainty avoidance is the acceptance of assumed causes or explanations of a situation as facts to escape the discomfort associated with ambiguity or uncertainty. In other words‚ it is the actions or steps taken to avoid being uncertain about the future. (www.businessdiscionary.com) How to avoid uncertainty? A way of avoiding uncertainty is by planning everything carefully and relying on rules‚ regulations and laws to make sure
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