NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE CAPITAL STRUCTURE DECISIONS OF NEW FIRMS Alicia M. Robb David T. Robinson Working Paper 16272 http://www.nber.org/papers/w16272 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge‚ MA 02138 August 2010 The authors are grateful to the Kauffman Foundation for generous financial support. Malcolm Baker‚ Thomas Hellmann‚ Antoinette Schoar‚ Ivo Welch‚ and seminar participants at the Kauffman/Cleveland Federal Reserve Bank Entrepreneurial Finance
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CHAPTER 16 FINANCIAL LEVERAGE AND CAPITAL STRUCTURE POLICY Answers to Concepts Review and Critical Thinking Questions 1. Business risk is the equity risk arising from the nature of the firm’s operating activity‚ and is directly related to the systematic risk of the firm’s assets. Financial risk is the equity risk that is due entirely to the firm’s chosen capital structure. As financial leverage‚ or the use of debt financing‚ increases‚ so does financial risk and‚ hence‚ the overall
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Table of Contents UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington‚ D.C. 20549 Form 10-Q (Mark One) x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the quarterly period ended September 30‚ 2012 or ¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to . Commission File No. 000-22513 Amazon.com‚ Inc. (Exact Name of Registrant as Specified
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environment. * Managers need to develop understanding of direction and Industry structures to present the company opportunities and Threats.Contributors lead. Competitive advantage: grows out of company value is able to create Value more than cost‚ cost leadership also competitive advantage. Abilities you have resource and you able to do it. Four requirements:value‚ rare‚ hard to imitate‚ organizational structure Strategy on unique activities * Different set of activities to deliver a unique&
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Case 4: Amazon: One E-Store to Rule Them All 1) The CEO of Amazon.com‚ Jeff Bezos‚ effectively employed both intuitive and systematic thinking when he developed the Kindle for sale. Through Bezos’s creative idea in the Kindle‚ one can see that he makes decisions that seem to be based off of intuitive thinking. With this approach‚ people make decisions according to their past experiences and gut feelings‚ as opposed to analyzing all of the facts. Bezos took a risk in the creation of the Kindle
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INTRODUCTION 1.0 CHAPTER OVERVIEW Capital plays an important role in business. Every business enterprise‚ whether big‚ medium or small‚ manufacturing‚ services or industrial‚ needs capital to carry on its operations smoothly and to achieve its targets organization’s objective. Capital Structure means how an organization or company manage their capital or obtain financial resources to manage their business well. Business adopts different types of capital structures in order to meet the internal needs
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Major Considerations in Capital Structure Planning There are three major considerations in capital structure planning‚ i.e. risk‚ cost of capital and control‚ which help the finance manager in determining the proportion in which he can raise funds from various sources. Although‚ three factors‚ i.e. risk‚ cost and control determines the capital structure of a particular business undertaking at a given point of time. The finance manager attempts to design the Capital Structure in such a manner that
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Reporting‚ Analysis and Ethics: A Comparative Analysis of Overstock.com and Amazon Robert Baird BU7545 Fall 2011 Financial Reporting‚ Analysis and Ethics: A Comparative Analysis of Overstock.com and Amazon Robert Baird BU7545 Fall 2011 Table of Contents | | | Executive Summary | 2 | | | Company and Industry Information | 3 | | | Accounting Issues | 6 | | | Accounting Policies and Disclosure Practices | 9 | | | Financial Statement Analysis | 10 | |
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Founder Jeff Bezos started Amazon in 1994 which became a multi-billion dollar company. Jeff wanted to provide service to people all over the world with books‚ but end up meeting the needs of much more. People doesn’t have to go out their home to looks for an item all over the city. Amazon.com owns many other online companies such as Zappos.com‚ Alexa internet‚ IMDb‚ Lovefilm‚ The book depositary‚ Woot‚ and many more. Even if someone doesn’t order anything off of amazon‚ you could be ordering items
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are listed for trading on one of the two major exchanges namely National Stock Exchange (NSE) and Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) during the period 2004-2008 (I refer each year henceforth with the end year i.e.‚ for 2004-2005 to 2005) are employed for analysis. The data has been sourced from Prowess database of the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE). For the purpose of this study‚only final dividend and interim dividend. Unlike the firms in developed countries that pay quarterly dividends‚ Indian
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