THE JOURNAL OF FINANCE • VOL. LIII‚ NO. 4 • AUGUST 1998 Agency Costs‚ Risk Management‚ and Capital Structure HAYNE E. LELAND* ABSTRACT The joint determination of capital structure and investment risk is examined. Optimal capital structure ref lects both the tax advantages of debt less default costs ~Modigliani and Miller ~1958‚ 1963!!‚ and the agency costs resulting from asset substitution ~Jensen and Meckling ~1976!!. Agency costs restrict leverage and debt maturity and increase yield
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CAPITAL STRUCTURE DETERMINANTS THE CASE OF THE KENYAN BANKING INDUSTRY TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION Capital structure refers to the mix of debt and equity which a firm uses to finance its operations. Many theories have been formulated with regard to whether there exists an optimal capital structure mix and the role the various determinants of capital structure play in deciding the mix. The Modern theory of capital structure began with Modigliani and Miller in 1958 (Harris
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A. ABSTRACT Pepsi-Cola is a carbonated beverage that is produced and manufactured by PepsiCo. It is sold in stores‚ restaurants and from vending machines. The drink was first made in the 1890s by pharmacist Caleb Bradham in New Bern‚ North Carolina. The brand was trademarked on June 16‚ 1903. There have been many Pepsi variants produced over the years since 1903‚ including Diet Pepsi‚ Crystal Pepsi‚ Pepsi Twist‚ Pepsi Max‚ Pepsi Samba‚ Pepsi Blue‚ Pepsi Gold‚ Pepsi Holiday Spice‚ Pepsi Jazz‚ Pepsi
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Du Pont Case Study Capital Structure Statement of the Problem Determine a capital structure policy suitable for Du Pont in the 1980s and beyond. This paper will consider the history of the company and the turbulent times of the 1960s and 1970s‚ weigh the advantages and disadvantages associated with higher and lower levels of debt‚ and develop a strategy for the future after the merger with Conoco Inc. in 1983. Executive Summary Du Pont has been historically known for its
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PepsiCo Ethics and Compliance FIN/370 – Finance for Business PepsiCo Ethics and Compliance PepsiCo Inc. is a world leader in the beverage and snack food industry. Founded in 1965‚ the company has grown to become a household name. PepsiCo employs more than 285‚000 employees worldwide‚ and has revenues of more than $60 billion (Our History‚ 2011). PepsiCo prides itself on social and environmental responsibility‚ and maintains a commitment to ethical business practices. Role of Ethics and Compliance
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An Analysis of Market Structures and Their Related Pricing Strategies Christa Jones American Public University Systems Abstract Market structures influence a firm’s behavior and profit opportunity and are therefore critical to understanding how a market functions. The conditions that distinguish each market structure define the level of competition observed within the market which in turn determines the profit level that can be made. Because pricing strategies are intended to maximize a firm’s
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1. What is PepsiCo’s corporate strategy? Briefly identify the business strategies that PepsiCo is using in each of its consumer business segments in 2008. PepsiCo’s corporate strategy had diversified‚ in 2008‚ the company into salty and sweet snacks‚ soft drinks‚ orange juice‚ bottled water‚ and ready-to-eat drink teas and coffees‚ purified and functional waters‚ isotonic beverages‚ hot and ready-to-eat breakfast cereals‚ grain-based products‚ and breakfast condiments. Strategies that kept their
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industry demand and price‚ along with rising fuel prices and an economic recession. These pressures now force Du Pont to source its financing through debt‚ foregoing its risk averse capital structure policy in the past. It now aims to determine the most feasible capital structure that will enable it to finance capital expenditures vital to its competitive advantage while maintaing its financial flexibility. Du Pont now faces two alternatives: 1) Reduce the debt/total capitalization ratio
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Chpt.16 Financial Leverage and Capital Structure Financial Leverage Chapter Outline Financial Leverage Effect of leverage Break-even Analysis Homemade Leverage M&M Propositions (I & II): optimal D/E? No tax Corporate tax Corporate tax & bankruptcy costs Corporate & personal taxes Arbitrage The Capital-Structure Question and The Pie Model The value of a firm is defined to be the sum of the value of the firm’s debt and the firm’s equity. V=E+B If the goal of the management of the firm is
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A will discuss and analyze the origin and subsequent evolution of personal and the PepsiCo organization workplace values; explain how individual values drive actions and behaviors. Team A will analyze the alignment between values‚ actions‚ behaviors‚ and analyze the degree of alignment between PepsiCo’s stated values‚ personal‚ and the organization’s plans and actions. Personal & Workplace Values PepsiCo original mission statement is to be the world’s premier consumer product’s organization
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