LITERATURE REVIEW In intention to discover the relationship between efficient working capital management and firm’s profitability(Shin & Soenen‚ 1998) used net-trade cycle (NTC) as a measure of working capital management. NTC is basically equal to the CCC whereby all three components are expressed as a percentage of sales. The reason by using NTC because it can be an easy device to estimate for additional financing needs with regard to working capital expressed as a function of the projected sales
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Industry Overview The airline industry is a large and growing industry. In the past years‚ air travel has been growing by 6% a year and scheduled airlines carried more than 1 billion passengers in 2008. The airline industry involves large capital requirements. For example‚ the requirements for aircraft‚ close monitor by the government regulations‚ competition from other tourist transport and the requirement to have high level of expertise to operate and manage. In the airline industry‚ aircraft manufacturer
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Literature Journals/Reviews Name Of the author | Title of the article | Title of the journal | Year of public-cation | NumberOf volume | Part number of the journal | Number of relevant pages | Brief content and value | P.Bansal & S. Kandola: CSR: Why good people behave badly in organizations‚ Ivey Business Journal‚ March/April 2004 Content: Corporate Social Irresponsibility (Example of Enron)‚ Bystander effect (Three ways)‚ Consequences of irresponsible actions‚ How to prevent
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Analysis of the Airline Industry Marketing Management Fall II December 8‚ 2003 Table of Contents Environment . .. 3 Demand . .. 6 Competition .. .. 7 Product .. .. 9 Pricing . 11 Placement/Distribution .. . 14 Promotion 16 Conclusions . 17 References
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During the course of operations of any company‚ once the capital budgeting decisions have been made and proposals selected‚ the most important question before the finance manager is to arrange sufficient funds to finance them. Funds are also required to keep existing projects going on and the company can raise funds required for investment either by increasing the owners’ claims or the creditors’ claims or both. The claims of the owners increases when the company raises the funds by issuing equity
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Literature Review DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT Student Name: Student Number: Contact Number: Email Address: Amkela Ngwenya 4397-434-1 082 211-5742 amkelab.ngwenya@gmail.com SUPERVISOR JS Kasozi RESEARCH TOPIC: DETERMINANTS OF CORPORATE DIVIDEND PAYMENT POLICIES: A CASE OF THE BANKING INDUSTRY IN SOUTH AFRICA Declaration I declare that the work I am submitting for assessment contains no section copied in whole or in part from any other source unless explicitly identified
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REVIEW OF LITERATURE Research works in working capital management gives us an outstanding view about the exploration of the topic in different dimensions by different authors. The authors have emphasized that working capital management has to be effectively utilized for generating funds from sales. They have examined the efficiency of working capital management in different aspects. Chakra borty P K. (2004) Stated that the conventional method of measuring liquidity
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Hhhhhh Structure Only looking at passenger travel‚ maintenance and cargo not included. Back in the days: Full Service Carriers (FSC) controlling the market (sometimes close to oligopoly). Afterwards‚ low cost carriers (LCC) entered the market‚ as well as charter airlines (CC) (cheap cause crappy times) Change is costs (hubs and smoke vs point-to-point without a home base)‚ based on several routes Concentration became lower‚ amount of competition became bigger and market share distribution
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Exercise on Unit 2 – Theories of Capital Structure 1. Companies U & L are identical in all respect except that U is unlevered while L is levered. Company L has Rs. 20 Lacs of 8% debentures outstanding. Assume a. All MM assumptions are met b. Tax rate is 35% c. EBIT is Rs. 6 Lacs d. Equity capitalization rate of company U is 10% Find the following: a. Value of each firm according to MM approach b. Suppose Value of U is Rs. 25 Lacs and Value of L Rs. 35 Lacs. According
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OPTIMAL CAPITAL STRUCTURE The optimal capital structure for a company should be the mix of equity‚ debt and hybrid instruments that minimizes the overall cost of funding‚ i.e. it should minimize the company’s weighted average cost of capital. In practice‚ however‚ it is not possible to specify this optimal capital structure exactly‚ for any individual company. It clearly makes sense to obtain funds at the lowest possible cost. In the long run‚ debt is cheaper than equity. However‚ when a company’s
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