EconomicThis document has been made available on www.actuaries.org.uk with the permission of the Society of Actuaries‚ Schaumburg‚ Illinois. Copyright 2008. Specialty Guide on Economic Capital Version 1.5 March 2004 Specialty Guide on Economic Capital Section I. II. Page FOREWORD...................................................................................................................1 INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW .........................................................
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1 TRANSFER OF RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY – CAPITAL GAINS AND EXEMPTIONS UNDER SS.54 & 54F BY MS. JANANI SHANKAR‚ Student‚ NALSAR & Trainee‚ SAPR Advocates Ms.B.Mala‚ Senior Associate‚ SAPR Advocates Note : The scope of this article is restricted to examining certain aspects of LongTerm Capital Gains which arise during transfer of residential property. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Capital Gains 2. Computation of Long-Term Capital Gains (i)Computation of cost of acquisition /cost of improvement
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Venture capital (VC) is financial capital provided to early-stage‚ high-potential‚ high risk‚ growth startup companies. The venture capital fund makes money by owning equity in the companies it invests in‚ which usually have a novel technology or business model in high technology industries‚ such as biotechnology‚ IT‚ software‚ etc. The typical venture capital investment occurs after the seed funding round as growth funding round (also referred to as Series A round) in the interest of generating
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GLOBALIZING THE COST OF CAPITAL AND CAPITAL BUDGETING AT AES 1. How would you evaluate the capital budgeting method used historically by AES? 2. If you implemented the methodology suggested by Venerus‚ what would be the range of discount rates one would use around the world? 3. Does this make sense as a way to do capital budgeting? 4. How big a value difference does this new approach make to the Pakistan project? 5. How do these cost of capital modifications translate into changed probabilities
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1.1. Definition of intellectual capital and a brief history of IC management Before someone can measure something‚ he/she has to know what to count. So how should intellectual capital be defined? A universally accepted definition is the first step toward standardization‚ but still it is hard to find the best one for "intellectual capital". In this section I ’ll define intellectual capital and study the history of its development. Intellectual capital is knowledge that can be exploited for
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Capital markets:Meaning: Capital markets are markets where people‚ companies‚ and governments withmore funds than they need (because they save some of their income) transfer those funds to people‚ companies‚ or governments who have a shortage of funds(because they spend more than their income). Stock and bond markets are twomajor capital markets. Capital markets promote economic efficiency bychannelling money from those who do not have an immediate productive use for it to those who do.Capital markets
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TOPIC 6: CAPITAL ALLOWANCES Learning outcomes: At the end of this topic‚ students should be able to: i. Understand and identify the qualifying plant expenditure for plant and machinery. ii. Compute initial allowance‚ annual allowance‚ notional allowance and accelerated capital allowance. iii. Determine the balancing charge or balancing allowance on disposal of assets. 1.0 Introduction * Capital expenditure is not tax deductible. So‚ depreciation or amortization is also not deductible
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2.5 Working Capital This section includes: Definition and classification of working capital Determinants of Working Capital Measurements of Working Capital Working Capital Financing Management of Working Capital Inventory management Cash Management Receivables Management INTRODUCTION : The term working capital is commonly used for the capital required for day-to-day working in a business concern‚ such as for purchasing raw material‚ for meeting day-to-day expenditure on salaries‚ wages‚ rents rates
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Paid in Capital vs. Earned Capital Earned capital and paid in capital are two important items for investors. Earned capital comes from any profits the operation gathers. Paid in capital is the amount of investment a shareholder has contributed to the business for use (Business Finance‚ 2008). The following paragraphs will contribute a more detailed definition of what these two components are used for and why they are important. This essay will also touch on diluted earnings per share and basic
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Capital Budgeting: Net Present Value vs Internal Rate of Return (Relevant to AAT Examination Paper 4 – Business Economics and Financial Mathematics) Y O Lam Capital budgeting assists decision makers in a company evaluate multiple investments of the company’s capital. Capital budgeting is used to plan for the acquisitions of other companies‚ for the development of new product lines of business‚ for the expansion of the existing production plants or for the replacement worn-out equipment‚ and
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