help management must decide on the form of the dividend distribution‚ generally as cash dividends or via a share buyback. Various factors may be taken into consideration: where shareholders must pay tax on dividends‚ firms may elect to retain earnings or to perform a stock buyback‚ in both cases increasing the value of shares outstanding. Alternatively‚ some companies will pay "dividends" from stock rather than in cash. The purpose of an optimal dividend policy should be to maximize shareholders’
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Difference Between CAPM and APT CAPM vs APT For shareholders‚ investors and for financial experts‚ it is prudent to know the expected returns of a stock before investing. There are various statistical models that compare different stocks on the basis of their annualized yield to enable investors to choose stocks in a more careful manner. CAPM and APT are two such valuation tools. Before we try to find out the differences between APT and CAPM‚ let us take a closer look at the two theories. APT
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OF THE THREE DIVIDEND POLICY THEORIES Figure 13A-1 illustrates the three alternative dividend policy theories: (1) Miller and Modigliani’s dividend irrelevance theory‚ (2) Gordon and Lintner’s bird-in-thehand theory‚ and (3) the tax preference theory. To understand the three theories‚ consider the case of Hardin Electronics‚ which has from its inception plowed all earnings back into the business and thus has never paid a dividend. Hardin’s management is now reconsidering its dividend policy‚ and
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Dividend Theory 1. Discuss the factors which may impact on a firm’s dividend policy? .Industry and Company Variations Payout ratios vary amongst different industries e.g. firms within the telecoms and utilities sectors may typically payout around 60% of earnings in dividends‚ whilst retailers and computer software companies may typically payout around 20% of earnings in dividends Legal Constraints 1. Legal constraints can be viewed in the context of three broad areas;
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Introduction A dividend is termed as a portion of a firm’s earnings that is returned to its shareholders. Dividends offer a further motif for investors to hold or even increase their investments. A lot of companies‚ mature or young‚ large or small‚ pay stable dividend. It is true that high dividend yield is important for current investors because it indicates‚ to some degree‚ a firm’s financial well being‚ but paying 100% of its earnings as dividend is not financially wise. Instead of paying dividends‚ fluid
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eurojournals.com Dividend Policy: A Review of Theories and Empirical Evidence Husam-Aldin Nizar Al-Malkawi Corresponding Author‚ Faculty of Business‚ ALHOSN University P.O. Box 38772 - Abu Dhabi‚ UAE E-mail: h.almalkawi@alhosnu.ae Michael Rafferty Senior Research Analyst‚ WRC‚ University of Sydney‚ Australia E-mail: m.rafferty@econ.usyd.edu.au Rekha Pillai Faculty of Business‚ ALHOSN University‚ Abu Dhabi‚ UAE E-mail: r.pillai@alhosnu.ae Abstract The literature on dividend policy has produced
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University of Sydney 1 Dividend Policy 2 This Lecture PART I – Dividend Fundamentals • • • • What is Dividend Policy? Institutional Features of Dividends Types of Dividend Policies Trends in Dividend Policies PART 2 – Is There An Optimal Dividend Policy? • Dividend Policy is Irrelevant • Dividend Policy is Relevant PART 3 – Alternatives to Dividends • Share Buy-Backs • Dividend Reinvestment Plans (DRPs) 3 What is Dividend Policy? Definition • Dividend policy refers to the decision
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How accurate is the statement that “The dividend policy of a firm is irrelevant”. By Mr. George Ekegey Ekeha (MBA – Finance‚ MBA & BCom) (Lecturer in Corporate Finance & International Finance @ Regent University College of Science & Technology) Email: ekegey24ge@yahoo.co.uk March 2009 THIS PAPER IS PREPARED IN RESPONSE TO A RELEVANT QUESTION TO HELP STUDENTS TAKING CORPORATE FINANCE COURSE. No Part of This Thesis Is To Be Used For Any Purposes‚ Other Than Academic REFERENCE
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University of Hong Kong Dividend Policy Bank distributed a $6.30 dividend per share in 2008. If you purchased shares in Hang Seng Bank at $87 per share‚ the company’s dividend yield was 7.2% ($6.30/$87) which is much higher than the bank deposit rate. Dividend payout ratio is another important indicator: Dividend payout ratio = Dividend per share ÷ Earnings per share Dividend policy is the policy used by a company to decide how much it will pay out to shareholders in dividends. In your financial
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CAPM vs. APT Asset Pricing Model are very useful tools that enable financial annalists or just simply independent investors evaluate the risk in an specific investment and at the same time set a specific rate of return with respect the amount of risk of an individual investment or a portfolio. The CAPM method while simpler than the ATP method takes into consideration the factor of time and does not get too wrapped up over the Systematic risk factors that sometimes we can not control. In this paper
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