oxidation–reduction reactions‚ a process called fermentation. In fermentation‚ the organic compound serves as both electron donor and acceptor‚ and adenosine triphosphate is synthesized by substrate level phosphorylation. . Types of Fermentations . Distribution of Fermentation Among Organisms Types of Substrate Used Fermentative organisms are nutritionally very versatile and they are the first limb of the anaerobic food chain. Polymers such as polysaccharides‚ proteins‚ DNA and lipids are attacked
Free Cellular respiration Adenosine triphosphate
INTRODUCTION TO ECOLOGY I. Definition - Greek words: oikos = family household logy = study of by Ernst Haeckel in 1866 - 1866 Ernst Haeckel: the comprehensive science of the relationship of the organism to the environment - 1927 Charles Elton: scientific natural history - 1963 E. P. Odum: the study of the structure and function of nature - 1972 C. J. Krebs: the scientific study of the interactions that determine the distribution and abundance of organisms To summarize: - Scientific
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Biochemistry Eukaryotic Cells (animal cells) * Nucleus * Organelle Mitochondria: “power house” Where energy (ATP) produced and stored Prokaryotic Cells (plant cells) * Cell wall * Chlorophyll * Cytoplasts: where photosynthesis occurs General Equations:- Photosynthesis: * 6CO2(g) + 6H20(l) +E(solar) -> C6H1206(glucose) + 602(g) Respiration: * C6H1206 + 602(g) -> 6CO2(g) + 6H20(l) + E Metabolism: * Thyroxin: A hormone that controls the bodies
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Biology coursework: Substrate specificity in yeast AIM: To find out which substrate (glucose‚ starch‚ maltose‚ sucrose or lactose)‚ does yeast‚ the organism containing the enzyme‚ breaks down the quickest. Introduction: Usually‚ every enzyme has a specific substrate that is what we call the “lock and key” theory. We can try the reaction of an enzyme with different substrates and this enzyme will just work well with one of those substrates. One type of reaction catalyzed by enzymes is anaerobic respiration
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reactions to occur at a certain time and place. Enzymes make these reactions happen. Enzymes are highly specific causing only one enzyme to catalyze one reaction. “Induced fit” explains why enzymes act this certain way. An enzyme will surround a certain substrate and form to it for the reaction to occur in the active site. If it doesn’t form to it‚ the reaction will not occur. The first enzyme being used‚ beta-galactosidase‚ is an active ingredient in Lactaid. Lactaid helps break down lactose. The second
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nature of substrate‚ the faster the rate of cellular respiration of yeast was tested using the smith fermentation tube method. The experiment used six smith fermentation tubes‚ distilled water and sugar substrates. It composed of six set-ups which used 15ml of 10% yeast suspension‚ 15 ml distilled water and 15 ml of their assigned sugar substrate namely: starch‚ lactose‚ sucrose glucose and fructose respectively. Set-up six was the controlled set-up and did not contain any sugar substrate. The opening
Free Glucose Carbon dioxide Cellular respiration
ABSTRACT The effect of co-factor (MgSO₄) and the nature of substrate on the rate of cellular respiration in yeast were determined using two different set-ups. In the first set-up‚ two test tubes were used where one contains 7m and the other with 7 mL 0.2M MgSO₄ and both containing 7mL 10% yeast suspension. Here‚ data shows that the H₂O mixture showed higher amount of CO₂ evolved than MgSO₄. In the second set-up‚ six Smith fermentation tubes were used each containing different 15mL solution (starch
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DIFFUSION= The movement of atoms or molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Atoms and small molecules can move across a cell membrane by diffusion. OSMOSIS= Diffusion of fluid through a semipermeable membrane from a solution with a low solute concentration to a solution with a higher solute concentration until there is an equal concentration of fluid on both sides of the membrane. SELECTIVE PERMEABLE MEMBRANE=a membrane (as a cell membrane) that allows
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Among thirteen isolates‚ two of them were the best of phytases enzyme producer and identified as Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus terreus. Under solid substrate culture condition Aspergillus fumigatus was screened for phytase production on agricultural by-products. The results showed that wheat bran with sugarcane molasses was the best substrate for production of phytase. Phytase purified by non chromatography method‚ the purified enzyme has an apparent molecular weight 64kDa. Keywords: Phytase
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to the problem under investigation Yeast are eukaryotic species and make up approximately one percent of species in the kingdom Fungi. One of the most well studied yeast species‚ Saccharomyces cerevisiae‚ commonly known as bakers yeast‚ and also used in the fermentation of alcohols‚ is a model species for the study of eukaryotic cells. They are known to reproduce either sexually‚ by mitosis‚ or asexually‚ by budding‚ depending on environmental conditions. Yeast grow and reproduce by producing enzymes
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