in protein synthesis. In the past weeks‚ we were able to conclude that HL-60 cells treated with DMSO and HL-60 cells treated with PMA will differentiate into granulocytes and monocytes upon treatment (1). We were also able to observe that both types of treated cells will express the beta-actin gene because it is a housekeeping gene. However‚ only HL-60 cells treated with PMA will express the MMP-9 gene by their RNA. The purpose of this lab is to view the effects of differentiation on protein synthesis
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of a functional recombinant fusion protein via the directional sub-cloning of an E.coli derived tyrosine phosphatase gene (wzb) into a pT5(6H)CFP mutant expression vector. Abstract: Application of fluorescent fusion proteins to the field of expression and interaction proteomics as a means of dynamic imaging proteins in vivo has allowed for rapid advancements in biotechnology research. Production of such proteins first involves the insertion of a given protein-coding gene transcriptionally in-frame
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Amino Acids Amino acids are biologically organic compounds containing amine and carboxylic acid functional groups‚ usually along with a side-chain specific to each amino acid. The elements that are key of an amino acid are carbon‚ hydrogen‚ oxygen‚ and nitrogen. There are about 500 different kinds of amino acids found but we recognize 23 of the amino acids that are known‚ they are classified into three groups‚ essential semi-essential‚ and non-essential. Each amino acid has unique characteristics
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Stereochemistry of Butenedioic Acid Objective: To study the interconversion of two geometric isomers‚ maleic acid (cis isomer) to fumaric acid (trans isomers)‚ the differences in physical properties between this pair of cis-trans isomers and determine the stereochemistry of addition of bromine to butenedioic acid. Chemicals and Apparatus: 2 grams of maleic acid‚ 10 cm3 of concentrated hydrochloric acid‚ 10 cm3 of bromine water[1]‚ one 50 cm3 beaker‚ one 100 cm3 beaker‚ one 250 cm3
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Amino acids are important building blocks; they play an essential role in the formation of proteins and as intermediates in metabolism. Amino acids can serve as cell signaling molecules and can regulate gene expression. An optimal amount of amino acids is essential for health. There are over 500 amino acids‚ however only 20 are commonly found. Amino acids all have an amine functional group and a carboxylic acid functional group. They differentiate from each other in their side chains. Only 10 of
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Amino acid present in the lumen of the small intestine The goal is to cross through the epithelial cell membrane to enter into the epithelial cell’s cytoplasm – its charged cuz of side chains To get through the membrane the amino acid must cross the Simple columnar epithelial cells lining the apical surface of the small intestinal tract. These cells are impermeable to any harmful bacteria that may be ingested by the body‚ but permeable to necessary ions. Absorption of amino acids occurs through
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of Shikimic Acid‚ intermediate for the production of Oseltamivir‚ the Avian Flu drug Supervised by: Dr. Reza Yegani Dr. Mohammad Hossein Sarrafzadeh Mr. Habibollah Ramezanzade by: Kaveh Yazdifard Presented on: 1385/10/3 Contents Acknowledgement Introduction Shikimic Acid & its Natural Properties Derivatives of Shikimic Acid Avian Flu Sickness‚ Medications Oseltamivir and Shikimic Acid’s Role in Synthesis Production of Shikimic Acid Extracting Shikimic Acid from the Plant
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What is it? Folic acid is a water soluble B vitamin. It is used during pregnancy to prevent Neural Tube Defects (NTD’s). NTD’s are birth defects of the brain‚ spine or spinal cord (MedlinePlus). They can be fatal depending on how bad the injury is especially if it is to the brain. Folic acid works with vitamin B12 in the formation of red blood cells. Deficiency in both folic acid and vitamin B12 causes a certain type of anemia known as macrocytic anemia. Macrocytic anemia is a type of anemia that
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ETHERS Classification of Ethers: Symmetrical ethers – two groups attached to O are identical Ex. CH3CH2OCH2CH3 – diethyl ether Unsymmetrical ethers – two groups attached to O are not identical Ex. CH3CH2OCH3 – ethyl methyl ether Physical Properties of Ethers: Ethers have much lower boiling points compared to alcohols of comparable MWs. BPs of ethers increases with increasing MW. BPs of isomeric ethers increase with increasing alkyl chain length. BPs of ethers are about the
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Proteus Vulgaris by Carbohydrate Fermentation Tests Abstract: Some bacteria ferment certain carbohydrates‚ while producing acidic or gaseous products; this information can be utilized in order to identify bacteria (Morello and Granato‚ 2003). In order to test for carbohydrate fermentation‚ tubed broths‚ containing a Durham tube for trapping any gas formed when the broth is incubated‚ are utilized (Morello and Granato‚ 2003). After incubation‚ a color change indicates that an acid product was formed
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