ADJIVON UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION Organic chemistry started as the chemistry of life‚ when that was thought to be different from the chemistry in the laboratory. Then it became the chemistry of carbon compounds‚ especially those found in coal. Now it is both. It is the chemistry of the compounds of carbon along with other elements such hydrogen as are found in living things and elsewhere. The organic compounds available to us today are those present in living things and those formed over millions
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process: for instance combustion of fossil fuels. Most of the air pollution is man – made. In metropolitan areas‚ combustion of petrol and its byproducts result in release of air pollutant. Incomplete combustion releases a toxic compound called carbon monoxide in to atmosphere. Natural process may be dangerous at times but not always. Sources of air pollution: Air pollution sources are broadly classified into two types namely * Anthropogenic sources * Combustion of fuel in motor vehicles
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group. A carbonyl group is a carbon atom doubly bonded to an oxygen atom. [pic] Both molecules have a carbonyl group‚ the difference the number of carbons bonded to the carbonyl carbon. An aldehyde will have none or one and a ketone will have two carbons. All aldehydes‚ except formaldehyde‚ will have a hydrogen atom on one side of the carbonyl carbon and at least on carbon on the other side. [pic] All ketones have a carbon on each side of the carbonyl carbon. [pic] Remember that the
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INTRODUCTION Hydrocarbons are compounds that consists carbon and hydrogen only. They are the simplest organic compounds. Hydrocarbons‚ because of their number and variety‚ are classified into different ways. One way of classifying hydrocarbons is in which way carbon atoms are connected. It can be classified as either a chain aliphatic hydrocarbon or a cyclic hydrocarbon. Chain aliphatic hydrocarbons are compounds that are linked either in a single or branched chain. An example of this is hexane
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out how much energy is produced when burning these alcohols. Alcohol ’s react with oxygen in the air to form water and carbon dioxide. The reaction that is involved in burning alcohols is exothermic because heat is given out. From this reason the reactant energy is higher than that of the product. The energy is given out when forming the bonds between the new water and carbon dioxide molecules. The amount of energy produced by such exothermic reactions can be calculated by using the formula Mass
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isotopic dating is recognized as carbon dating. The radioactive decay of carbon-14 is used in carbon dating. Carbon-14 atoms are equally distributed over Earth ’s biosphere. These atoms are combined with carbon-12 and carbon-13. Organisms contain the same ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12 and carbon-13 because organisms are always taking in carbon. When the plants intake carbon dioxide‚ they are using these various carbon isotopes. When a plant is eaten by an animal‚ the carbon-14 atoms are then transferred
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Thickness: 12mm Thickness of base: 10mm No. of mounting points: 4 No. of holding holes: 2 Diameter of the holes: 65mm each. The proposed design uses high carbon steel instead of low carbon steel‚ this increase strength and rigidity of the compacted bracket design. The composition of high carbon steel contains 0.55% - 0.95% carbon‚ with 0.30% - 0.90% manganese‚ that
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with compounds of Carbon. 2.Carbon’s has 4 valence electrons that can form covalent bonds with others atoms (Hydrogen‚ Nitrogen‚ Oxygen and Carbon atoms mostly) to make large‚ complex and diverse organic molecules. 3.The carbon skeleton vary in 4 areas‚ 1. Length 2. Branching 3. Double Bond Position 4. Presence of Rings. Carbon skeletons can have double bonds in different locations and also different numbers of double bonds. 4.Hydrocarbons only have hydrogen and carbon molecules‚ hence
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OCR gateway Core C1 revision notes Anything written in purple is for higher tier Exam tips are in red Fossil Fuels 3 types Coal (made from dead plants that lived millions of years ago) Crude oil (made from dead sea creatures that lived millions of years ago) Natural gas (made from dead sea creatures that lived millions of years ago) Key words to learn Non-renewable- fossil fuels are said to be this as we are using them up faster than they can be made Finite- these will run out if we
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Our Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) spectrum for our Acetaminophen KBr pellet provided a handful of strong peaks and hints that helped us to hypothesize what functional groups might be in Acetaminophen. The peaks that were at the highest wavenumbers were analyzed first. The strong peak at 3325.82 cm-1 was an indicator that there was stretching occurring between a Hydrogen and Nitrogen atom. This signified that Acetaminophen could contain an amide group. The next defined peak is located at 3162.26 cm-1
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