bond between a metal and a carbon. There are three types of carbon-metal bonds: ionic‚ polar covalent‚ and covalent. The ionic bonded compounds (example: RNa) have a weak bond between the carbon and the metal‚ and are therefore not useful because they are so volatile‚ and they will react with nearly anything. The covalent bonded compounds (example: R2Pb) are toxic. The compounds that are polar covalent bonded are Grignard reagents and are useful in making carbon-carbon bonds and reducing carbonyls
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reaction due to the electron-rich site at the double bond‚ which results in bromine acting as an electrophile. In this reaction‚ the cinnamic acid reacts as an alkene. Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with a carbon-carbon double bond. In a double bond‚ a pair of electrons lies between the carbon atoms in a σ bond and the other pair of shared electrons lie above and below the plane in a π bond. This electron rich area of the molecule is fairly exposed for electrophilic attack. An electrophile is a species
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elements and compounds; name the most abundant elements in the human body if water is included; name some that are crucial but less abundant An element is a pure substance that can’t be broken up A compound consists of two or more different elements Carbon‚ Hydrogen‚ Oxygen‚ and Nitrogen are the most abundant elements Iron and Iodine are crucial but less abundant Distinguish between ionic bonds‚ covalent bonds (how are nonpolar and polar covalent bonds different)‚ and hydrogen bonds‚ noting their
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embedded wick‚ which is lit to provide light‚ and sometimes heat‚ and historically as a method of keeping time. Candles have appeared as a source of fine and ultrafine particles in indoor air (e.g. Hussein et al. 2006). Fine et al. (1999)‚ found high Organic Carbon (OC) emissions connected to the extinction of the candle and high EC concentrations when the flame was burning unsteady. In the mid 1800s there were two major developments in the candle wax industry‚ stearin wax and paraffin wax. Stearin
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substances: Organic compounds – are compounds that contain carbon and were originally made by living things e.g. carbohydrates‚ lipids‚ proteins‚ nucleic acids Inorganic compounds – are compounds do not contain carbon as a main element Organic compounds | Composition | Function | Proteins | Carbon‚ hydrogen‚ oxygen and nitrogen | Used in the structure‚ storage‚ movement and transport of cells for growth and repair. | Lipids | Carbon‚ hydrogen and oxygen | Stores energy but is more difficult
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Atoms‚ Airs‚ and Chemical Bonding Rich McConnell‚ CH-201 Grantham University Atoms‚ Airs‚ and Chemical Bonding 1. Alcohol in our digestive system reacts with oxygen gas to form carbon dioxide and water. How many grams of carbon dioxide are released if a 10.00 g alcohol sample reacts with 20.85 g of oxygen gas and produces 11.77 g of water? Answer: 19.08g CO2 2. Using the periodic table‚ fill in the missing information in the following table: Protons Neutrons Electrons Isotope Symbol 27 32 27
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Stoichiometric analysis can be used to determine the product yield for a given amount of reactant converted. Example of Stochiometric Analysis • Neutralization of hydrochloric acid with lime 2HCl + Ca(OH)2 CaCl2 + 2H2O • Oxidation of acetic acid to carbon dioxide and water. CH3COOH + 2O2 2CO2 + 2H2O Engr. Yvonne Ligaya F. Musico 5 Example of Stochiometric Analysis • Combustion of Methane CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O • Oxidation of glucose C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O Engr. Yvonne Ligaya F. Musico 6
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called Electrons (3^H)‚ an isomer‚ differs from (1^H) in that: 3^H has 2 more neutrons than 1^H Nitrogen has 7 electrons and thus can form a maximum of ___ covalent bonds with other elements 3 Carbon has 6 electrons while hydrogen has 1 electron. How many covalent bonds can form between a carbon atom and hydrogen atoms 4 In the lab you are culturing human cells in order for the cells to survive they must be cultured in a solution containing 25 mM glucose. You must make 500 ml of this solution
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technology (manmade). First use high-pressure machines that need to weight several thousand pounds and the temperatures need to up to 1500 degrees. These conditions simulate the natural conditions which diamonds form. Other options include vaporizing carbon atoms and creating an environment that allows them to form a diamond structure. Synthetic diamonds have many of the same properties as natural diamonds. These include cutting and polishing tools‚ and use in heat sinks there are more tools are
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they must be Hydrogen‚ Carbon‚ Nitrogen and Oxygen. These four elements make up the majority of all Biological compounds. Without them‚ life on this planet as we know it could not exist. Due to the bonding possibilities between and among these elements‚ literally millions of organic compounds are possible. Carbon is the backbone of all organic compounds. It forms the main structure of the molecule with Hydrogen‚ Nitrogen‚ Oxygen and occasionally other elements replacing Carbon or bonding to it at
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