Introduction In a chromatographic separation process‚ different kinds of functional groups and number of functional groups of molecules will determine the separation. Depending on what kind of solute‚ solvent‚ and adsorbent used‚ molecules will experience the interaction during dynamic equilibrium. On a TLC plate‚ capillary tube is used to transfer o- and p- hydroxyacetopheone‚ taking advantage of capillary force to make small spotting. A 30:70 ether acetate: petroleum ether is used as a solvent
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is the cis version and fumaric acis is the trans version of butenedioic acid. 2. 3. See attached paper. 4. Maleic anhydride is the compound that crystalizes in part A in the experiment. 5. HCl acts as a catalyst to break one of the carbonyl group in the maleic acid which rotates the structure to form a trans structure of the butonal acid which is the fumaric acid. And it does so by donating its protons. 6. Maleic acid Chronic effects: mutagenic for somatic cells. May cause damage
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EXPERIMENT I Photoreduction of Benzophenone Introduction The study of chemical reactions‚ isomerizations and physical behavior that may occur under the influence of visible and/or ultraviolet light is called Photochemistry. The fundamental principles for understanding photochemical transformations are that light must be absorbed by a compound in order for a photochemical reaction to take place‚ and that for each photon of light absorbed by a chemical system only one molecule is activated for
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by the presence of electron donating groups (EDG) on the diene and by the presence of electron withdrawing groups (EWG) on the dienophile. For instance‚ maleic anhydride is a very good dienophile because it contains two highly electron withdrawing carbonyl groups. Experimental: To a 100 mL flask‚ 22 mL of Diclopentadiene was added and arranged for fractional distillation into an ice-cooled receiver. In order for the diene to distill‚ heat was applied to the dimer with a microburner. Into a 50 ml
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Study guide Exam 1 Ch 1-5 CH 1 Overview‚ what is evolution‚ what is biology‚ what is life Evolution scientific explanation for: the unity and diversity we see in various organisms the suitability of organisms to their environments is evolution Hierarchy – molecules‚ cells‚ tissue‚ organ‚ organisms‚ populations‚ communities‚ ecosystem‚ biosphere Emergent properties – zooming from molecular level out to see function Reductionism (complex to simple) and Systems Biology (dynamic) Organisms
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polypeptides chain twists into a right-handed helical conformation. . β-pleated sheet Form when two or more polypeptide chain segments line up side by side.. β-pleated sheet stabilized by hydrogen bonds form between the polypeptide backbone N-H and carbonyl groups of adjacent chains. Tertiary structure Three-dimensional structure of a single protein molecules. The α-helices and β-pleated sheets are folded into compact globule. Protein folding occurs as consequence of interactions between the side
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CHAPTER 3 Studies on Mn (II)‚ Co (II)‚ Ni(II)‚Cu(II)‚Zn(II) and Cd(II) Complexes of Dimedone bis Semicarbazone (H2DSC) During the past few decades‚ major developments have been achieved in the research of coordination compounds with special emphasis on metal complexes of Schiff bases containing nitrogen and oxygen donors 1-5 . This may be due to their stability‚ biological activity5-6and potential applications in many fields 9-10. Biological activity of complexes derived from semicarbazide has
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The Molecules of Cells (Chapter 3 in your textbook) Without water and carbon-based molecules‚ no life as we know it! Carbon: The Backbone of Life • Living organisms consist mostly of carbon-based compounds Also‚ H‚ N‚ O‚ P‚ and S…… • Carbon is unparalleled in its ability to form large‚ complex‚ and diverse molecules. Why? Principal source of carbon on Earth? • Proteins‚ DNA‚ carbohydrates‚ lipids‚ and other molecules that distinguish living matter are all composed of carbon. C21H36N7O16P3S Coenzyme
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soluble in water and is commonly used as an industrial solvent. With natural and synthetic resins‚ MEK produces solutions with low viscosity and high solids content. Properties The physical and chemical properties of MEK are determined largely by its carbonyl group. MEK engages in reactions typical of saturated aliphatic ketones. These include condensations with amines‚ aldehydes and many other organic compounds‚ hydrolysis (catalysed with acid or base)‚ oxidation via concentrated oxidizing acids or acidic
Free Solvent Acetic acid Acetone
Title: Esterification Objective: To synthesis acetylsalicylic acid by esterification. Introduction: A pleasant‚ often fruity‚ odor is characteristic of some of the simpler esters. Ethyl butyrate smells similar to pineapples‚ the odor of n-propyl acetate is reminiscent of pears and isopentyl acetate has a strong banana fragrance. Esters are derivatives of the carboxylic acids and contain the following functional group: The synthesis of an ester can be accomplished in one of several ways. An esterification
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