Sir Safar Lecture 2 Finals Pentose Phosphate Pathway (S. 70) Alternative pathway for glucose oxidation. Similar to glycolysis‚ but instead of having pyruvate as the end product it is diverted to other pathways. Supplier of energy to the cell in the form of NADPH (a reducing power for biosynthesis). It is also referred to as hexose monophosphate shunt. *Fate of glucose 6-phosphate (G 6-P) IN THE PPP (S. 71) Taken out from glycolysis and converted into Ribulose 5-phosphate. With the conversion
Premium Adenosine triphosphate Metabolism Glycolysis
NITRATION OF METHYL BENZOATE Purpose: The main objective of this experiment was to synthesize methyl nitrobenzoate from methyl benzoate‚ using the mixture of nitric and sulfuric acid by performing the process of electrophillic aromatic substitution. During this reaction‚ the combination of HNO3 and H2SO4 made a nitrating solution. The crystallization was done to accomplish pure product. The melting point and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) were performed to test the purity of the product. Using
Premium
for determination of various biochemical paramaters. For affirmation of toxicity in different brain regions due to lindane‚ a change in oxidative stress and endogenous antioxidants was used as biomarker. Oxidative stress: TBARS level and protein carbonyl content (PCC) were used as biomarkers of oxidative stress. TBARS level was measured by the method of Ohkawa et al (1961) whereas Levine et al (1990) method was used for determination of PCC
Premium Nervous system Dopamine Brain
Living organisms are composed of part water and part chemicals. The chemicals that help make up life are constructed mainly of carbon. A compound that has carbon in its composition is called an organic compound. Organic compounds also usually contain hydrogen atoms. Even though life is very complex‚ all large molecules that make up life are categorized into four large classes: lipids‚ protein‚ carbohydrates‚ and nucleic acids. These four molecules are known as macromolecules‚ due to their large size
Premium Oxygen Water Organism
After the purification‚ the ester yield synthesised is only 67%-70% and a maximum 70% yield of ester usually is not considered to be acceptable for a synthesis reaction‚ instead it is considering as a poor yield of ester. The synthesised ester can only have a maximum yield of 70% because for ester in which the carboxylic acid and alcohol are sterically unhindered‚ a same ratio mixture of carboxylic acid and alcohol can only synthesis ester with a maximum yield of 70% ester as the reaction with the
Premium Acetic acid Oxygen Alcohol
* Introduction to Organic Chemistry Understand the basis of drawing organic structures Depicting 3-D structures in 2-D Most organic compounds have a three-dimensional structure. How do we represent structures on our two-dimensional page? For example‚ methane is a tetrahedral molecule: Bonds in the plane of the paper: Bonds coming towards the observer: (out of the page) Bonds going away
Premium Alcohol Amine Chemical bond
UNIVERSITY OF DAR ES SALAAM COLLEGE OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCE Dept: Molecular biology and biotechnology Name: Ernest Medard Reg#:2010-04-00120 Degree program: Bsc. MBB BL 390: research project TITLE: production of Laccase and Pectinase enzymes by Schizophyllum spp and its application in dye decolorization Project supervisor: Dr. R. Masalu Lab scientist: Mr. Chuwa INTRODUCTION: Due to rapid industrialization and urbanization‚ a lot of chemicals including dyes are manufactured and
Premium Dye Enzyme
Basic chemistry of a cell Properties of water – – – Life on Earth began in water and evolved there for 3 billion years before spreading onto land. Modern life‚ even terrestrial life‚ remains tied to water. All living organisms require water more than any other substance. Human beings for example‚ can survive for quite for a few weeks without food‚ but only a week or so without water. – – – Water is deceptively simple. It is shaped something like a wide V‚ with its two hydrogen atoms joined
Free Protein DNA Amino acid
Smoke From Wikipedia‚ the free encyclopedia For other uses‚ see Smoke (disambiguation). Smoke from a bee smoker‚ used inbeekeeping the smoke of burning tungsten in alightbulb Smoke is a collection of airborne solid and liquid particulates and gases[1] emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis‚ together with the quantity of air that is entrained or otherwise mixed into the mass. It is commonly an unwanted by-product of fires (including stoves‚ candles‚ oil lamps‚ and fireplaces)
Premium Smoke
OBJECTIVE: 1. To distinguish the bacteria abilities to metabolize various substrates and end products formed. 2. To observe the growth of different bacteria species in term of structures and its morphology based on different chemical substance applied. 3. To observe physiological and immunological properties utilized by different species of bacteria. INTRODUCTION: Bacteria biochemical testing can determine the types and numbers in terms of colony forming units of bacteria present in a
Premium Agar plate Bacteria Metabolism