stimulate both ___ and ___. Synapses‚ cell bodies‚ dendrites Signals from other neurons are received at junctions called ___‚ located primarily on the ___ ___and ___‚ the receptive and integrative regions of the neuron. Axon hillock‚ action potential The area where the axon emerges from the soma (cell body) is called the ___ ___. This is also where the outgoing signal‚ called a/an ___ ___ is generated. Collaterals‚ terminals An axon can branch‚ forming many axon ___. At the end‚ axons
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The Ionic mechanism and propagation of action potentials. The action potential is the result of a large‚ sudden increase in sodium permeability of the membrane. The resulting rush of sodium ions into the membrane and accumulation of positive charge on its inner surface drives the potential towards Ena. This is followed by repolarisation‚ whereby there is a large increase in the membranes permeability to potassium ions‚ hence the membrane returns to Ek. Explanation of the (ionic) mechanisms underlying
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1. a. The action potential changes the membrane potential from -70 mV (resting) to +30 mV and back again to the resting membrane potential. b. This results from a change in membrane permeability first to Na then to K due to the opening of what type of ion channels? Voltage gated channels 2. a. Where is the density of voltage-gated Na+ channels the greatest? Axon hillock b. What areas of the neuron generate signals that open these voltage-gated channels? Dendrites and the cell body c. Opening
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The action potential is started when the membrane is very slightly ‘depolarised’‚ meaning that the charges inside and outside the cell become more similar. This happens when a stimulus causes a small influx of sodium ions into the cell. For an action potential to occur‚ the voltage has to pass a threshold value of -58mV. at this point‚ in a cycle of positive feedback‚ the action potential will always occur. Once the threshold value has been reached
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Exercise 3: Neurophysiology of Nerve Impulses: Activity 2: Receptor Potential Lab Report Pre-lab Quiz Results You scored 100% by answering 4 out of 4 questions correctly. 1. Assuming that the resting potential of a sensory neuron is -70 mV‚ which of the following represents a depolarization? You correctly answered: c. a change to -60 mV 2. Which of the following is a sensory modality (type of sense)? You correctly answered: e. all of the above 3. Which of the following is a sensory stimulus
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ileum at 20Hz. Figure 1‚1 Contractions of rabbit ileum at 20Hz‚ with a stimulation of 2V applied to produce a moderate reaction. Figure 1.2 Contractions of rabbit ileum at 20Hz‚ with a stimulation of 3V applied to produce a maximal contractile response. 1) Briefly describe the response of the ileum when it is unstimulated and during stimulation of the nerves. When unstimulated‚ the contractions of the rabbit ileum occur at a constant slow rate. When the ileum becomes stimulated
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CARDIAC TUMORS INTRODUCTION Cardiac tumours occur quite rarely‚ with metastatic neoplasms three times more prevalent than primary tumours. A large variety of benign and malignant tumours of the heart have been described. These tumors are found mainly in the heart‚ but can occur in the pericardium or the great arteries. Secondary cardiac involvement from malignant tumors of adjacent organs (lung‚ thymus) or from kidney (Wilms tumor) or liver‚ or even remote organs‚ are also seen. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
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Cardiac Output most used tool to measure heart function The volume of blood ejected by the heart per minute. CO= Heart Rate x Stroke Volume EX: 70bt/min X 70ml/bt = 4900ml/min ~ 5L/min Regulation of Heart Beat HR is regulated through the balance of parasympathetic and sympathetic influence on the SA node. 1 action potential = 1 electrical impulse Parasympathetic: Slows HR Sympathetic: Speeds HR Parasympathetic Regulation of HR At rest‚ parasympathetic nerves will release Acetylcholine
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Comparing the Cardiac muscle and the Skeletal muscle Differences Similarities Skeletal muscle is usually linked to bones by structures called tendons. Cardiac muscle is found in the heart. They are both important parts to the body. Skeletal muscle cells are usually arranged into cylindrical fibres with multiple nuclei and can be directly controlled by voluntary nerve signals from the nervous system. Cardiac muscle cells are normally shorter and are linked via gap junctions which allow compounds
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Cardiac - E 1 BAPTIST HEALTH School of Nursing NSG 4017: Critical Care Nursing Nursing Management of Patients with Altered Cardiovascular Function Georgia Seward I. Anatomy and physiology review A. Layers B. Chambers C. Heart valves D. Flow of blood E. Blood supply of myocardium 1. RCA 2. L Main 3. LAD 4. Circumflex F. Cardiac cycle 1. Systole 2. Diastole G. Cardiac output and cardiac index - SV x HR. CI = CO /body surface area. 1. Preload 2. Afterload H. Cardiac pressures p. 1557 of Black
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