for the situation around them. There are three different types of syncope‚ including cardiac‚ non-cardiac‚ and neurocardiac. There is three stages of syncope‚ which are‚ pre-syncope‚ syncope‚ and recovery. There are many signs and symptoms for each stage of syncope. No matter the type of syncopal episode there is one way to go about treating the patient. Cardiac syncope occurs when there is an “inadequate cardiac output and usually occurs as a result of a serious underlying heart condition (Grimes)”
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An ECG (electrocardiogram) is a tool used to evaluate the heart’s electrical activity which measures the current produced in the extracellular fluid. Action potentials that occur in the myocardial cells can be detected by electrodes or leads placed at key points on the skin’s surface (reference text book pg. 371) **add figure of a typical EKG trace** The ECG records 5 different waves that correspond with myocardial activity. The first wave is the P wave which occurs in response to atrial depolarization
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class of proteins that is ultimately responsible for generating and orchestrating the electrical signals passing through the thinking brain‚ the beating heart‚ and the contracting muscle. Using the methods of molecular biology and patch-clamp electrophysiology‚ investigators have recently cloned‚ expressed‚ and characterized the genes encoding many of these proteins. Ion-channel proteins are under intense scrutiny in an effort to determine their roles in pathophysiology and as potential targets for
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BIOAP 458‚ 2012 Name: _______________________ Raw Score: ________/ 102‚ ________% PROBLEM SET 7 Cardiac Electrophysiology 1) (8 pts.) Match the most appropriate pairs _F__ AV node (atrioventricular node) _E__ gap junctions _G__ action potential generated by ventricular myocytes _H__ functions as the pacemaker of the whole heart _D__ calcium _C__ Bachmann’s bundle _A__ Bundle of His _B__ action potential generated by pacemakers Prof. Beyenbach VRT 8014 A. ventricular conduction system that distributes
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this space. If the amount of fluid continues to increased and cardiac chamber filling is impeded‚ cardiac tamponade results * VAGUS – major PNS innervation of the heart * CALCIUM – is the main cation affecting electrical stimulation of the heart * THRESHHOLD – is the stimulus that changes the resting membrane * COLD – is the condition that slows down blood flow II. Conduction System Cellular Electrophysiology of the Heart * The fast‚ more organized tracts include the
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communicate info through these electrical signals - neurons generate a constant negative voltage across membrane: the rmp - an AP abolishes the –ve rmp‚ making membrane potential transiently positive - we can record and measure ion currents using electrophysiology - hyperpolarization is usually the movement of +ve ions moving outward‚ but it can also be the movement of –ve ions moving inward; while depolarization is the opposite How do these membrane potentials arise? - electrical signals are generated
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Outline the differences between the excitation-contraction coupling mechanism between skeletal and cardiac muscles. Excitation-contraction coupling is the combination of the electrical and mechanical events in the muscle fibres and is related by the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. (Silverthorn‚ 2007) In the skeletal muscle‚ action potential in the nerves is generated when the somatic motor neurons releases the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh)‚ at the neuromuscular junction
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ACLS PRE-TEST ANNOTATED ANSWER KEY June‚ 2011 Question 1: Please identify the rhythm by selecting the best single answer Agonal rhythm/asystole Atrial fibrillation Atrial flutter Coarse ventricular fibrillation Fine ventricular fibrillation Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia Normal sinus rhythm Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia X Pulseless electrical activity Reentry supraventricular tachycardia Second-degree AC block (Mobitz I Wenckebach) Second-degree AV block (Mobitz II block) Sinus bradycardia
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heart muscle. When cardiac muscle cells are damaged or destroyed‚ they are no longer able to conduct the electrical impulses that flow through them. This causes the electrical signal to terminate at the damaged tissue or be directed away from the flow of the signal. The termination or redirection of the electrical signal will alter the manner in which the heart contracts. A cardiologist can look at a patient ’s electrocardiogram and determine the presence of damaged cardiac muscle based on the
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What Broke My Father’s Heart by Katy Butler‚ published June 14‚ 2010 in the New York Times One October afternoon three years ago while I was visiting my parents‚ my mother made a request I dreaded and longed to fulfill. She had just poured me a cup of Earl Grey from her Japanese iron teapot‚ shaped like a little pumpkin; outside‚ two cardinals splashed in the birdbath in the weak Connecticut sunlight. Her white hair was gathered at the nape of her neck‚ and her voice was low. “Please help me get
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