The Agency Cost Problem or Principal-Agent Problem‚ which is believed‚ arises from the separation of ownership and control‚ could be mitigated in many ways. In their paper Jensen and Meckling (1976) mention that if a company fully owned by its managers‚ they will work on maximizing its value. But if a fraction of this equity owned by managers is sold to outsiders‚ the risk borne by them now will have fewer fractions than before. This will be one of the main reasons for management to act on maximizing
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8 Valuing Risky Cash Flows 9 Introduction to derivatives. 10 Pricing Derivatives 11 Pricing of Multiperiod‚ Risky Investments 12 Where To Get State Price Probabilities? 13 Warrants 14 The Dynamic Hedge Argument 15 Multiple Periods in the Binomial Option Pricing Model 16 An Application: Pricing Corporate Bonds 17 Are capital structure decisions relevant? 18 Maybe capital structure affects firm value after all? 19 Valuation Of Projects Financed Partly With Debt 20 And What About Dividends? 21 Risk And
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Page 1 Question 1.1. (TCO B) Which of the following statements concerning the MM extension with growth is NOT CORRECT? (a) The tax shields should be discounted at the unlevered cost of equity. (b) The value of a growing tax shield is greater than the value of a constant tax shield. (c) For a given D/S‚ the levered cost of equity is greater than the levered cost of equity under MM’s original (with tax) assumptions. (d) For a given D/S‚ the WACC is greater than the WACC under MM’s original
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Their graph is reproduced as Exhibit 12. Alternative Solutions To manage the exposure to weather risk UGG managers explored several options: 1. Retentions The retentions approach meant continuing operating as they had been and not trying to reduce their weather exposure. Retention exposed their profitability to large swings due to the weather. This option made the UGG’s financial perform will be very fluctuate. The high fluctuation is a bad news for investor. 2. Weather
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Antamina project to me at the beginning of class. Make sure that your bid conforms to bidding structure set forth in the case. Then prepare a memo addressing the following questions: 1) How would we express the right to develop a mine as an option? a. What is the underlying? What is the strike‚ or exercise price? What is the maturity in this case? b. What if we get 2 years out and we learn that the PV of a developed mine turns out to be 0? What do we do at that point?
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"Investors"). We will act as lead equity investor. 2 The investment will be at a fully diluted pre-money valuation of £● ‚ including employee share options (both granted or committed) equal to ●% of the fully diluted equity. The investment will represent a ●% shareholding for the Investors on a fully diluted basis‚ following an expansion of the share option pool as detailed in paragraph 2.4. The current capitalisation of the Company is set out in Part I of Appendix 1 and the capitalisation of the Company
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IEOR E4706: Financial Engineering: Discrete-Time Models c 2010 by Martin Haugh Term Structure Lattice Models 1 Binomial-Lattice Models In these lecture notes1 we introduce binomial-lattice models for modeling the “short-rate”‚ i.e. the one-period spot interest rate. We will also use these models to introduce various interest rate derivatives that are commonly traded in the financial markets. First we define what an arbitrage means. Arbitrage A type A arbitrage is an investment that produces
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Mark-to-market adjustments for fuel hedges recorded in periods other than the settlement period • As a signal of management competence 6/12 Fuel Hedging Instruments • Jet fuel‚ gas oil and crude derivatives: • • • • Forward contracts Future contracts Options and collars Swaps • Other hedging methods: • Merges and acquisitions International Air Transport Association (IATA) Clearing House: is used for
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Study Guide for Final Exam 1. (TCO B) Which of the following statements concerning the MM extension with growth is NOT CORRECT? (a) The tax shields should be discounted at the unlevered cost of equity. (b) The value of a growing tax shield is greater than the value of a constant tax shield. (c) For a given D/S‚ the levered cost of equity is greater than the levered cost of equity under MM’s original (with tax) assumptions. (d) For a given D/S‚ the WACC is greater than the WACC under MM’s
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I. Topic 1. Introduction 1. Explain the difference b/w financial assets and real assets. Real Assets: (37%‚ 1%) Used to produce goods and services: property‚ plant & equipment‚ human capital‚ consumer durable‚ land‚ building etc (Material wealth of society: productive capacity‚ real asset) Financial Assets (debt‚ equity and derivative): Claims on real assets or claims on asset income. The largest financial asset of U.S. households is: pension reserve (real assets generate net income to the
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