In the 18th National CPC Congress‚ the general secretary Hu JinTao (2012) had said: “We should place high importance on systemic building‚ give full play to the strength of the socialist political systems... However‚ we will never copy a Western political system.” “Taking the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics means we must… take economic development as the central task... and the policy of reform and opening up. It means we must release and develop the productive forces‚ develop the
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Barbara Carper says‚ “It is the general conception of any field of inquiry that ultimately determines the kind of knowledge the field aims to develop as well as the manner in which that knowledge is to be organized‚ tested and applied” (Carper‚ 1978). It is Barbara Carper who developed the four fundamental patterns of knowing in nursing and they are; empirics‚ esthetics‚ personal knowledge and ethics (Carper‚ 1978). In this paper I will provide clinical interventions that I have used for my
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Carper Four Ways of Knowing and Different Types of Nursing Theories Danielle Berg‚ Hailey Hunter‚ Anh Nguyen‚ Michael Seeley & Christopher Wilson Maryville University Nursing Theory 600 Dr. Deitra Watson September 06‚ 2013 Carper Four Ways of Knowing and Different Types of Nursing Theories It is essential in nursing to continue learning and applying knowledge to the everyday practice. In doing so‚ it is important to understand how to organize‚ test‚ and apply knowledge to nursing.
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Carper (1978) identified four fundamental patterns of knowing which are (1) empirics‚ or the science of nursing; (2) personal knowledge; (3) esthetics‚ or the art of nursing; and (4) ethics‚ or the moral component of nursing. The purpose of this discussion is to explain how each pattern of knowing affects this author’s practice‚ and to identify the author’s preferred paradigm and provide justification for choosing this paradigm. Empirical knowing is based on the belief that what someone knows
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teaching the practice. Although written in 1978‚ Carper’s theory is just as relevant in today’s world of nursing. The empirical knowledge that Carper describes is what is known in today’s nursing as evidence-based practice (EBP) and has been exercised since the nineteenth century‚ when Florence Nightingale began detailing nursing statistics. EPB means using reliable texts based on the latest research and evidence as the basis for decision-making in practice. Carper also describes this process as “knowledge
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Advanced Practice Nurses play an important role in leading health care change. This role is instrumental to the improvement of both patient safety and quality of outcomes. The American Association of the Colleges of Nursing [AACN‚ 2006]‚ developed core competencies for all advanced practice nurses called the DNP Essentials (AACN‚ DNP Essentials‚ 2006). The DNP Essential Two (AACN‚ DNP Essential II‚ 2006) clearly states‚ “advanced practice includes an organizational and systems leadership component
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Patterns of Knowing in Nursing Patterns of Knowing in Nursing Nursing education has evolved greatly over the years‚ in the mid-19th century‚ nursing was seen as a mothering and homemaking role; today nursing has a more scientific base (Peplau‚ 1986). Nursing is much more than following doctors’ orders and performing comfort care. Nurses must be able to apply different aspects of knowledge into their care in order to provide quality care to their patients. According to the American
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otherwise known as the Code of Agrarian Reform of the Philippines‚ into law. Section 49 of this act mandated the establishment of a new self-contained department‚ the Department of Agrarian Reform‚ and this effectively replaced the Land Authority. In 1978‚ under the parliamentary form of government‚ the DAR was renamed the Ministry of Agrarian Reform. On July 26‚ 1987‚ the department was organized something structurally and functionally through Executive Order (EO) No. 129-A. In 1988‚ Republic Act No
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REFLECTIVE PRACTICE Reflective assignment 2 Introduction The purpose of this essay is to reflect on my personal role in the inter-professional team and the delivery of healthcare that I have encountered during my duty as a health care assistant in one of the hospitals here in England. In accordance with the NMC (2002) Code of professional conduct‚ confidentiality shall be maintained and all names have been changed to protect identity. The purpose of reflection as stated by John’s (1995) is
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References: Carper‚ B. (1978). Fundamental patterns of knowing in nursing. Advances in Nursing Science‚ 1(1)‚ 13-23.
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