Product Planning and Standardization Product * Something produced through labor‚ thought and growth. * It is simply a set of tangible physical and chemical attributes assembled in an identifiable form. New Product * It can be a replacement product for some but imitative to the other. Classification of New Product 1. Innovative Product * These product were created upon realization of an unanswered need in the market which has not been fulfilled by any substitutes.
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Reasons for product standardization or adaptationThere are countless reasons for which firms standardize or adapt their product‚ but the bottom line is that‚ there is no firm that is at the extreme end of thespectrum of standardization and adaptation. This assertion is supported andevaluated by Gabrielsson (2004:41): “The standardization alternatives are aspectrum ranging from full standardization to an adaptive approach at differentlevels of marketing mix elements. This part tries to pinpoint popular
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Chapter 9 Product policy and adaption in international markets Product variables Standardisation verses adaption * Marketers must consider environmental and sustainability issues when deciding on whether adaption is needed. * Below standardisation vs adaption Factors encouraging standardisation | Factors encouraging adaption | Economies of scale in production | Differing use conditions | Economies in r&d | Government influence | Economies in marketing | Differing consumer
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the biggest competitive threat facing Carrefour as it expands in global markets? Carrefour had a concept of been a giant store(hypermarket) but along the line‚ the company faced some challenges which they found difficult to adapt to easily‚ Some of the challenges were due to changing consumer consumption habits and Carrefour could not meet up with this challenge because of the little depths in some of their product categories. Carrefour also pulled out from the American market
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intake 10 Strategic Management and Business Policy Submitted by: Rawi El Masry Submitted to: Dr.Sherif Lotfy Case Study Carrefour Table of Content 1. Introduction Carrefour is the famous French multinational retailer headquartered in Boulogne Billancourt‚ France‚ in Paris. Carrefour means "crossroads" and "public square" in French. Carrefour is the market leader for retail business in Europe & number 2 worldwide after Wal-Mart. It’s present in 34 countries across
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Carrefour In mid-1972 Decisions about speed and direction of future growth‚ and how to finance that growth Company Background • Begun operations in 1960 with a supermarket (650 mts2) in France • In 1963 opened the first hypermarket (2.500 mts2) just outside of Paris‚ France • Between 1965 and 1971 sales grew at an annual rate exceeding 50% (non food products accounted for 40% of that volume). • Corporate assets growth as faster as sales • Starting in 1970‚ new stores called “commercial centers”
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Carrefour Carrefour is the second largest and more successful hypermarket company in the world behind Wal-Mart. In Europe is the hypermarket with more revenues and sales. Carrefour has presence in 30 countries around the world and owns 12.028 stores worldwide (Carrefour‚ 2006). Carrefour founded the idea of retail-shop which means food- retailers and contains supermarkets‚ hypermarkets‚ hard discount‚ convenience stores‚ cash and carry‚ and e-commerce. Carrefour was created in 1959 by the Fournier
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Motivated professionals‚ dedicated to customer service With over 410‚000 employees‚ 110‚000 of them in France‚ the Carrefour group ranks among the top 13 private employers in the world. Wherever it is an employer‚ Carrefour aspires to be seen as a benchmark in human resources management and social responsibility. Attracting‚ training‚ supporting and securing the loyalty of employees: the group makes every effort to support the development of its staff members‚ who are‚ after all‚ its ambassadors
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Carrefour FIN4812 International Finance Case Analysis CARREFOUR S.A This report is created with a discussion over several important international finance topics for instance‚ interest-rate parity‚ currency risk management‚ regarding description on Carrefour S.A. financing policies as well as hedging strategy. Additionally‚ we also discussed on which currency Carrefour should issue its 10-year‚ 750 million euro‚ annual coupon bond‚ its foreign currency risk exposure and a possible hedging
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Standardization of a NaOH Solution with Potassium Hydrogen Phthlate (KHP) Name:________________________________________________________________ Period:_____ Prelab 1. A 0.8234-g sample of "KHP" required 38.76 mL of NaOH for titration to the phenolphthalein endpoint. What is the exact molarity of the NaOH solution? 2. A 25.00-mL aliquot of an unstandardized HCl solution is titrated with the previously standardized NaOH solution from #1 above. If 32.55 mL of NaOH titrant
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