take the sort of steps necessary to protect its investment in the case of management failure. Should Apex make a counter-offer‚ I would suggest the following terms: Valuation: Accessline’s projected revenues in 1999 are $208m. Using the average price/revenue ratio of 3com and Boston Technologies‚ it seems reasonable to expect an IPO valuation at 3.67 times revenues‚ producing gross proceeds of $764m with a present value of $116m (using our 60% discount rate). Assuming that Accessline
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CHAPTER 5 Net Present Value and Other Investment Criteria Answers to Problem Sets 1. a. A = 3 years‚ B = 2 years‚ C = 3 years b. B c. A‚ B‚ and C d. B and C (NPVB = $3‚378; NPVC = $2‚405) e. True f. It will accept no negative-NPV projects but will turn down some with positive NPVs. A project can have positive NPV if all future cash flows are considered but still do not meet the stated cutoff period. 2. Given the cash flows C0‚ C1‚ . . . ‚ CT
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Net present value is defined as the total present value (PV) of a time series of cash flows. It is a standard method for using the time value of moneyto appraise long-term projects. Used for capital budgeting‚ and widely throughout economics‚ it measures the excess or shortfall of cash flows‚ in present value terms‚ once financing charges are met. The advantages of the NPV are following; first‚ it tells whether the investment will increase the firm’s value. Also‚ it considers all the cash flows‚
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transactions (use a 9 percent annual interest rate for all transactions a. Borrowed $103‚000 for nine years. Will pay $9‚270 interest at the end of each year and repay the $103‚000 at the end of the 9th year. In transaction (a)‚ determine the present value of the debt. 1. We find PV of ANnuity of $1 for 9 Yrs at 9% = 5.9952 PV of $1 for 9Yrs @9% = 0.4604 So PV of debt = 9270*5.9952 + 103000*0.4604 = $1‚02‚997 b. Established a plant addition fund of $520‚000 to be available at the end of year
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favorable difference 10. Disclosures about inventory should include each of the following EXCEPT a. The quantity of inventory 11. Which of the following is NOT a part of the accounting process? a. Financial decision making 12. The cost principle is the basis for preparing financial statements because it is a. relevant and objectively measured‚ and verifiable. 1. Data is considered invalid when a. it does not measure the intended
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Comparing Net Present Value and Internal Rate of Return by Harold Bierman‚ Jr Executive Summary • • • Net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR) are two very practical discounted cash flow (DCF) calculations used for making capital budgeting decisions. NPV and IRR lead to the same decisions with investments that are independent. With mutually exclusive investments‚ the NPV method is easier to use and more reliable. Introduction To this point neither of the two discounted cash
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even: NPV = R × 1 − (1 + i)-n − Initial Investment i In the above formula‚ R is the net cash inflow expected to be received each period; i is the required rate of return per period; n are the number of periods during which the project is expected to operate and generate cash inflows. When cash inflows are uneven: NPV = R1 + R2 + R3 + ... − Initial Investment (1 + i)1 (1 + i)2 (1 + i)3 Where‚ i is the target rate of return per period; R1 is the net cash inflow
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Finance Question 3: Investment and financing decisions Vocabulary test. Explain the differences between: a. Real and financial assets. b. Capital budgeting and financing decisions c. Closely held and public corporations d. Limited and unlimited liability. Answer a. Financial assets‚ such as stocks or bank loans‚ are claims held by investors. Corporations sell financial assets to raise the cash to invest in real assets such as plant and equipment. Some real assets are intangible. b
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ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF USINFG NPV (NET PRESENT VALUE) AND IRR (INTERNAL RATE OF RETURN)” NPV (NET PRESENT VALUE) The difference between the present value of cash inflows and the present value of cash outflows. NPV is used in capital budgeting to analyze the profitability of an investment or project. NPV analysis is sensitive to the reliability of future cash inflows that an investment or project will yield. NPV compares the value of a dollar today to the value of that same dollar in the future
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is to maximize shareholders’ wealth by improving the value of the firm. Firms invest to replace existing equipment‚ for expansion‚ and for compliance with government regulations. There are three categories of investment decisions: acceptance or rejection‚ ranking of projects‚ and choosing between projects. To assess whether it is viable to invest or not the NPV technique can be used to compare the present value of returns and costs. If the NPV is negative it implies that costs exceed returns and
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