plan for the efficient operation of the organization". The overall goal of financial management is to meet the total financial needs of the organization. Budgeting: is the planning function of financial management. The budget translates operational plans into monetary terms. Budget: is defined as "a written financial plan aimed at controlling the allocation of resources" - Or "a statement of expected expenses and revenues over a specific period of time". Expenses: are defined as "the costs
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A budget can be defined as an itemized listing of the amount of all estimated revenue or income which the school anticipates receiving‚ along with a listing of the amount of all estimated costs and expenses that will be incurred during a given period of time (Wango Geoffrey‚ 2009:211). A school budget can be defined as a document or statement outlining a school’s revenue (income) projections against expenditure. A school budget can also be defined as a financial plan of funds that a school expects
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MIRRs for Independent Projects Edelman Engineering is considering including two pieces of equipment‚ a truck and an overhead pulley system‚ in this year’s capital budget. The projects are independent. The cash outlay for the truck is $17‚100 and that for the pulley system is $22‚430. The firm’s cost of capital is 14%. After-tax cash flows‚ including depreciation‚ are as follows: Year Truck Pulley 1 $5‚100 $7‚500 2 $5‚100 $7‚500 3 $5‚100 $7‚500 4 $5‚100 $7‚500 5 $5‚100 $7‚500 Calculate
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CASE 14 NIKE‚ INC.: COST OF CAPITAL Cost of capital denotes the opportunity cost of using capital for a particular investment as oppose to the alternative investment which has similar systematic risk. It is extremely important since it is used in evaluating whether a project is feasible or not in the net present value (NPV) analysis‚ or in assessing the value of an asset. WACC (weighted average cost of capital) is the proportional average of each category of capital inside a firm (common
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From traditional budget planning to zero-based budgeting (Relevant to PBE Paper II: Management Accounting and Finance) Dr Fong Chun Cheong‚ Steve‚ School of Business‚ Macao Polytechnic Institute Introduction A budget is an important financial plan that incorporates a systematic analysis and interpretation of financial forecasts in terms of products‚ markets and the application of resources. It requires managers to plan. It needs operational and financial resources information for decision making
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As we discussed and read about this week in our class‚ the topic of the US Budget and how‚ why and what should we do about it has become a topic with many views and opinions. The United States of America currently holds over 16 Trillion dollars in debt based on our governments spending practices for the last ten years. Two wars‚ numerous fiscal collapses and cliffs‚ a bubble popped housing market‚ looming medical care costs from a socialized healthcare law and a recession have caused the government
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Chapter 14 Statement of Cash Flows Solutions to Questions 14-1 The statement of cash flows highlights the major activities that impact cash flows and hence affect the overall cash balance. 14-2 Cash equivalents are short-term‚ highly liquid investments such as Treasury bills‚ commercial paper‚ and money market funds. They are included with cash because investments of this type are made solely for the purpose of generating a return on temporarily idle funds and they can be easily converted to
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Expenditures‚ Revenues‚ and Budgets Expenditures‚ Revenues‚ and Budgets AJS 532 Expenditures‚ Revenue‚ and Budgets Budgeting is an important subfield of public administration (Tyer & Willand‚ 1997). A budget system balances expenditures and revenues (Smith & Lynch‚ 2004). In public budgeting‚ revenues are funded by sources. These such sources are fees and special assessment‚ lotteries‚ and public‚ and other miscellaneous revenue. Another important factor of budgeting
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BUDGET 2013 - PERSONAL TAX The Finance minister of Singapore announced several budget initiatives in the Budget 2013 that aims to improve the lives of Singapore citizens. A number of changes were introduced which promotes progressive taxation‚ building a more inclusive society and encouraging quality growth. This Budget is very much focused on productivity and helping the lower income group as well as the elderly. Although there would not be any drastic changes in the personal tax rates‚ we could
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HOW FAYOL ’S 14 PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT ARE USED IN A MILITARY ENVIRONMENT By Mark Culligan "The process of coordinating and integrating work activities so that they are completed efficiently and effectively with and through other people". (Henri Fayol "General and Industrial Management."(1916)) Introduction Management is a very complex field. Not only must managers pay attention to what is best for the organization‚ but they also have to do what is best for their customers. At
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