In economics and related disciplines‚ a transaction cost is a cost incurred in making an economic exchange. A number of different kinds of transaction costs exist. Search and information costs are costs such as those incurred in determining that the required good is available on the market‚ who has the lowest price‚ etc. Bargaining costs are the costs required to come to an acceptable agreement with the other party to the transaction‚ drawing up an appropriate contract‚ etc.. Policing and enforcement
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• Types of Transactions o Complementary Transaction o Non - Complementary Transaction o Ulterior Transaction • Life Script • Script Matrix • Life Positions o "I’m OK‚ You’re OK" o "I’m OK‚ You’re Not OK" o "I’m Not OK‚ You’re OK" o "I’m Not OK‚ You’re Not OK" • Conclusion • References TRANSACTION ANALYSIS INTRODUCTION: When two people interact with each other there results a social transaction. Analysis of
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Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash This includes money and other negotiable instrument that is payable in money and acceptable by the bank for deposit and immediate credit. Examples are bills and coins‚ checks‚ bank drafts and money orders. To be included or considered as cash‚ it must be unrestricted as to use‚ meaning‚ it must be readily available for use or payment of current obligations‚ thus‚ not subject to contractual or legal restrictions. The following items are included in “cash”:
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(Ball and et al‚ 1999). Accounting innovation by implementing accrual accounting in the public sector is one of the major part of the reforms and an important element of the wider concept of the so called New Public Management‚ and draws much of public concern and debate (Connolly and Hyndman‚ 2006). Under this background‚ this essay is going to discuss the implications arising from the process of implementing and actual using of accrual accounting in the public sector in several aspects‚ and try to
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Corporate restructuring and the LBO CHAPTER 3: CONTRACTIONS Contraction is the reduction in the size of the private company or business due to corporate restructuring. 3.1 Spin-Offs—A spin-off transaction is when a parent company separates the shares of its subsidiary from the original private company shares and distributes those shares‚ on a pro-rata basis to its shareholders. In essence‚ two separate entities are formed in which the stockholders are issued the shares in the legal
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1888 The First National Manual Cash Register In 1883 on January the 30th James Ritty receives a Patent for inventing the cash register. Ritty owned a cafe in Dayton in the 1870s it was a popular cafe but somehow always lost money Ritty then blamed the bartenders and other workers for stealing. What Ritty dealt with was very common in the late 1800s. Ritty later went on a vacation on a ship whist on the ship he observed the workings of an automatic device that recorded the revolutions of the ship’s
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The lecture last night discussed accrual accounting concepts such as timing issues‚ and the basics of adjusting entries. The discussion went into more detail on periodicity assumption and how accounting divides the economic life of a business into artificial time periods. These time periods are generally a month‚ a quarter‚ or a year‚ now whether it is a fiscal year or a calendar year that is determined by the company itself. The lecture then reviews the revenue recognition principle which expects
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Adjustment for Accruals and Prepayment Adjustment to final accounts are usually made at the end of a financial year Adjustments for accruals and prepayments are based on the accrual concept. The Accrual Concept • The Accrual concept states that income and expenditure should be recorded in the period in which they are incurred and not when they are actually received or paid Accrued Expenses • Accrued expenses are those that are not paid in the accounting period in which they are due (incurred)
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Accruals Accounting Developments on Public Sector Accounting in Malaysia According to a circular issued by the Accountant General’s Department (AGD)‚ the new system is ‘expected to be flexible and in compliance with accounting standards based on cash or accrual basis‚ or a hybrid of both’ (AGD‚ 2003a: 1). The AGD had also put forward the accrual accounting migration conceptual plan in which it is planned that the government would adopt accrual accounting by 2008. The accrual accounting
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Article 1discusses how different estimates of equity value are obtained by researchers while using the discounted cash flow model (CF) and the Residual income (RI) model. It recognises the inconsistencies prevalent while implementing them. Francis et al (2000) use Value line estimates for finite forecasting periods. They conclude that RI is superior to CF. Courteau et al (2000) analyse whether different valuation models are same when a terminal value calculation based on price is used. They conclude
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