heavy reliance on rules‚ poli cies‚ and procedures; vertical specialization; centralized decision making; downward communication flows; and narrowly defined tasks. In contrast‚ organic organizati ons are flexible‚ adaptable‚ and team directed. In particular‚ o rganic organizations are characterized by weak or multiple hierarchies; low levels of formalization; loose rules‚ policies‚ and procedures; horizontal specialization; decentralized decision ma king; communication flows in all directions;
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Implementing Strategic Planning in the Lebanese Public Administration OUTLINE A- Introduction……………………………………………………………………………….3 I- Importance of introducing strategic planning in Lebanon’s public administration…..4 II- Missions of strategic planning in Lebanon’s public administration……………...…..5 III- Strategic planning department’s structure proposal……………………………...…...6 1) Organizational Structure…………………………………………………………..6 2) Positions……………………………………………………………………...…...7 3) Job Descriptions……………………………………………………………
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Alex G. Kanakis (“Prof. K”)‚ HCC Askonline Tutor Don’t forget to join our Facebook page at www.facebook.com/hccaskonline and follow us on Twitter at @hccaskonline!] Here are some hypothetical numbers used to illustrate the ideas of trade-offs‚ specialization‚ and comparative advantage. Assume Sri Lanka‚ using all her resources efficiently‚ can produce either 1‚000 bags of rice OR 3‚000 bags of tea. Let’s also assume that‚ using all her resources efficiently‚ Kenya can produce either 1‚000 bags of
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minerals‚ metals‚ plastics‚ polymers‚ rubber‚ and textile engineers. With 60% of material engineers working in factories………… another benefit too a material engineer is there salary which at average is 87‚790 and expected to rise by 3.6%. Areas of specialization A material engineer is a very diverse job which includes ceramic‚ chemical‚ composites‚ glass‚ industrial minerals‚ metals‚ plastics‚ polymers‚ rubber‚ and textile engineers. But engineering new materials is only one aspect of a material engineer
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Organization Ideally organized sales department ◦ Eliminated duplication of effort ◦ Minimizes friction ◦ Maximizes cooperation Delegation of authority through ‘specialization’ Supervision becomes tough To achieve Coordination or Balance ◦ Avoiding technical nomenclatures ◦ Small‚ freely communicating groups Sales Organization Concepts Specialization The degree to which individuals perform some of the required tasks to the exclusion of others. Individuals can become experts on certain tasks‚ leading
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science and technology‚ quickly advanced to more intricate material progressions‚ causing a “seductive trail of successes that [will] end up in a trap.” (Wright 5) Wright defines these newfound progress traps as created by three main factors: specialization‚
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greatness only by finding out what they are especially good at and developing that attribute above all else? Under Fordism‚ immense volumes of standardized production became achievable. Standardized production however‚ required specialization‚ and the need for specialization discarded the obsolete concept of Renaissance man where it was a virtue to excel in every fields. The rapid industrialization throughout the world created a desperate craving for talents that were specialized‚ not Jack of all trades
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Saudi Arabia has large supplies of oil‚ but lacks the built capital to produce cars and electrical equipment. Trade between Saudi Arabia and Japan will allow both countries to obtain goods and services that they cannot produce themselves. Specialization and trade can then deliver higher living standards to all countries as resources are being used more efficiently. Definition of Comparative Advantage To illustrate the concept of comparative advantage requires at least two goods and at
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exclusively selling medical equipment‚ Ohmeda must incorporate more direct and specialized selling into its channel mix. Given the aggressive revenue growth targets‚ the best channeling mix for Ohmeda is 75% direct sales / 25% dealer sales and 75% specialization / 25% geographical. This optimal strategy will allow Ohmeda to increase revenue‚ meet target customer needs‚ challenge competition‚ and capitalize on the strengths of the Ohmeda products. Business Strategy Ohmeda’s business strategy is to
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ECONOMIES OF SCALE AND ECONOMIES OF SCOPE Economies of scale are reductions in average costs attributable to production volume increases. They typically are defined in relation to firms‚ which may seek to achieve economies of scale by becoming large or even dominant producers of a particular type of product or service. A distinction can be made between internal and external economies of scales. Internal economies of scale occur when a firm reduces costs by increasing production. External economies
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