1 Molecular-Orbital Theory Introduction Orbitals in molecules are not necessarily localized on atoms or between atoms as suggested in the valence bond theory. Molecular orbitals can also be formed the LCAO where more than two atomic orbitals are used. (Technically‚ we can use all of the atomic orbitals in the LCAO.) Linear combinations of orbitals result in the interference of waves. Both constructive and destructive interference may result. Within a diatomic molecule‚ N atomic orbitals
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TECHNICAL REPORT SERIES Potential for Hydrogen as a Fuel for Transport in the Long Term (2020 - 2030) - Full Background Report - EUR 21090 EN Institute for Prospective Technological Studies Potential for Hydrogen as a Fuel for Transport in the Long Term (2020 - 2030) - Full Background Report - Matthias Altmann Patrick Schmidt Reinhold Wurster Martin Zerta Dr. Werner Zittel (Edited by Hector Hernandez) March 2004 EUR 21090 EN European Commission Joint Research Centre (DG
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General Biology I Spring Semester 2013 Lab Report Name: Date: 03/20/2013 Lab: # Purpose of this lab: To test for the effects of temperature on catalase activity. Introduction: Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts and help complex reactions to occur everywhere in life. Enzymes affect a chemical reaction by acting as a catalyst‚ which is to say‚ it speeds up the reaction. However‚ extreme ph and temperature hinders enzyme function. Optimal activity of an enzyme
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Mark Scheme (Results) Summer 2012 International GCSE Chemistry (4CH0) Paper 1C Science Double Award (4SC0) Paper 1C Edexcel Level 1/Level 2 Certificate Chemistry (KCH0) Paper 1C Science (Double Award) (KSC0) Paper 1C Edexcel and BTEC Qualifications Edexcel and BTEC qualifications come from Pearson‚ the world’s leading learning company. We provide a wide range of qualifications including academic‚ vocational‚ occupational and specific programmes for employers. For further information‚
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was the enzyme‚ catalase. An enzyme is a specialized protein which catalyzes reactions in cells. The enzyme in our experiment was catalase‚ which came from the potato juice. The function of an enzyme is to catalyze reactions in cells. The specific function of the enzyme in this experiment was to see if it affected the activity if it was exposed to different temperatures. A substrate is a material or substance which the enzyme acts. The substrate in our lab was hydrogen peroxide. Procedure
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shielding and penetration on AO energies • Bonding – Review VSEPR and Hybridisation – Linear combination of molecular orbitals (LCAO)‚ bonding / antibonding – Labelling of molecular orbitals (MOs) (σ‚ π and g‚ u) – Homonuclear diatomic MO diagrams – mixing of different AO’s – More complex molecules (CO‚ H2O ….) – MO diagrams for Transition metal complexes An introduction to Molecular Orbital Theory 6 Lecture Course Prof S.M.Draper SNIAMS Institute 2.5 smdraper@tcd.ie 2 Lecture
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Oxygen Cycle Required for Life All living things use oxygen or depend on organisms that use oxygen in some way. All Animals and Other Consumers Use Oxygen We use oxygen to break down simple sugar and release energy. This can be done through respiration or fermentation. Animals mainly use respiration. Respiration The process that breaks apart simple food molecules to release energy. It occurs inside cells. What YOU do with the oxygen
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From the graphs‚ it is evident that an increase in both catalase concentration and substrate concentration resulted in a higher rate of reaction or‚ as observed in the kPa graphs‚ a higher volume of O2(g) formed at the end of the 5 minute trial. Interestingly‚ it should also be noted‚ as it was mentioned in the Figure 2‚ that the trend for the 6mL of 3% H2O2(aq) was more of a linear trend than an exponential decay‚ steadily rising until the end of the 5 minute trial. From this‚ it can be inferred
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enzyme catalase. Introduction Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a very pale blue liquid which appears colourless in a dilute solution‚ slightly more viscous than water. It is a weak acid. It has strong oxidizing properties and is therefore a powerful bleaching agent that is mostly used for bleaching paper. Catalase is a common enzyme found in all living organisms. Its functions include the conversion of Hydrogen Peroxide‚ a powerful and potentially harmful oxidizing agent‚ to water and oxygen. One
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So essentially‚ the higher the concentration of hydrogen peroxide‚ the faster the reaction will take place. Furthermore‚ the foam (water and oxygen produced by the potatoes catalase reacting with hydrogen peroxide) was a kind of indicator of how the reaction was going. It almost indirectly related to the temperature increase‚ because every time the temperature was rising there also seemed to be foam also rising at the top of the hydrogen peroxide. As you can compare when the temperature started
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