the same amount of enzyme to substrate were tested for reaction rate with pHs ranging from 4 to 9 as the only difference‚ in order to determine what the optimum pH was. According to previous experiments‚ protenation of the nucleophile limits catalysis at low pH‚ and deprotenation of the hydrogen donor limits it at high pH (Nielsen‚ Vriend & Borchert‚ 2001). In addition‚ a review paper states alpha-amylase
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Agarose Gel Electophoresis of DNA Topoisomers Introduction DNA can exist as different isomers that change the confirmation of the DNA’s structure. DNA can be in a linear confirmation this is a relaxed confirmation as the DNA can rotate about its axis unconstrained. It can also exist as a nicked circle this is also a relaxed confirmation as the DNA strands can again rotate freely with respect to one another. Covalently closed circular DNA or cccDNA exists as a supercoil this is because the covalent
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APPROVED ACADEMIC SESSION: 2011/2012 Campus MEDWAY School School of Science Level Four Date May 2012 COURSE CODE BIOC1011 COURSE TITLE FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOCHEMISTRY Duration 2 Hours ___________________________________________________________________________ INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES SECTION A Answer all the multiple choice questions on the answer sheet provided. Each question has ONE correct answer only. Each question is worth one mark
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The Great Metabolic Race Organisms are constantly undergoing various chemical reactions and pathways that enable for them to maintain life. These pathways are part of metabolism‚ involving catabolism (break down of organic nutrients for extraction of useful) and anabolism (energy dependent conversion of small precursor molecules in complex molecules); some of which are energy coupled to provide energy efficiency. This intermediate coupling is due to the “energy currency” within the body‚ known as
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Introduction The purpose of this experiment was to determine the rate law graphically from the rate of disappearance and the x y values also the specific rate constant (k). Activation energy was also determined‚ and the effect of catalyst was evaluated in the reaction between peroxodisulphate ion S2O82-‚ and iodide ion‚ I-. S2O82-(aq) + 3 I-(aq) --> 2 SO42-(aq) + I3(aq) The general expression for the rate law‚ given this overall reaction‚ is: rate of disappearance of S2O82- = k[S2O82-]m[I-]n
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Application of statistics in Pharmaceutical industry * * * Bookmark Although the advancement of medicine has prolonged and improved the life of many people over the years‚ it is important to remember that it is not an exact science. While some treatments do seem to offer a complete ’cure’ for any particular ailment universally‚ the vast majority of medicinal treatments do not. As such‚ it is important that statistics are used in medicine in order to justify the development and subsequent
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Chemical Engineering and Processing 46 (2007) 774–780 Reactive distillation: The front-runner of industrial process intensification A full review of commercial applications‚ research‚ scale-up‚ design and operation G. Jan Harmsen a‚b a Shell Global Solutions‚ Shell Research and Technology Center Amsterdam‚ P.O. Box 38000‚ 1030 BN Amsterdam‚ The Netherlands b RijksUniversiteit Groningen‚ Nijenborgh 4‚ 9747 AG Groningen‚ The Netherlands Received 19 June 2007; accepted 20 June 2007 Available
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Matter-The TPRC Data Series. Volume 7. Thermal Radiative Properties-Metallic Elements and Alloys. THERMOPHYSICAL AND ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES INFORMATION ANALYSIS CENTER LAFAYETTE IN. 2. Haruta‚ M. (1997). Size-and support-dependency in the catalysis of gold. Catalysis Today‚ 36(1)‚ 153-166. 3. Fulk‚ J.‚ & DeSanctis‚ G. (1995). Electronic communication and changing organizational forms. Organization science‚ 6(4)‚ 337-349. 4. Bard‚ R. R.‚ Finney‚ M. S.‚ Owens‚ S. J.‚ Paynter‚ J. W.‚ Snider‚ M. L.‚ & Wright
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Chapter 11: Cell Communication Cell-to-cell communication is essential in multicellular organisms. They must communicate to coordinate activities such as growth and development‚ and reproduction. In addition unicellular organisms communicate with each other. Signals may use light‚ or touch but we will focus on chemical signals. 1. External signals are converted to responses within the cell a. Evolution of cell signaling i. In yeast a cells and αcells both secrete chemicals
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Syllabus for GPAT - 2013 PHARMACEUTICS Introduction to Physical pharmacy Matter‚ Properties of Matter: State of matter‚ change in the state of matter‚ latent heats and vapor pressure‚ sublimationcritical point‚ Eutectic mixtures‚ gases‚ aerosols-inhalers‚ relative humidity‚ liquid. Complexes‚ liquid crystals‚ glassy state‚ solids- crystalline‚ amorphous and polymorphism. Micromeretics and Powder Rheology: Particle size and distribution‚ average particle size‚ number and weight distribution‚ particle
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