Copper-Chromium-Cobalt catalyst) before entering the packed bed reactor. The reaction takes place in gaseous state. The reason for using a packed bed reactor is because it allows gaseous reactions‚ has higher conversion per weight of catalyst compared to other catalytic reactors and the reaction rate is dependent on the catalyst surface area instead of the volume of reactor‚ allowing it to take up less space without affecting the rate of reaction. In the reactor‚ the catalyst used is Copper‚ with
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The separatory funnel in the first extraction contains petroleum ether and 1-hexene in the organic layer and water and HBr in the aqueous layer. Between both layers‚ the catalyst‚ tetrabutylammonium bromide exists. Alkenes are immiscible with concentrated HBr and if the reaction is not mixed efficiently then the reaction is slow. HBr is a strong acid so it ionizes into H+ and Br – and protonates water into H3O+. H3O+ is a
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hydrochloric acid In the lab‚ zinc granules react fairly slowly with dilute hydrochloric acid‚ but much faster if the acid is concentrated. The catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide Solid manganese(IV) oxide is often used as a catalyst in this reaction. Oxygen is given off much faster if the hydrogen peroxide is concentrated than if it is dilute. The reaction between sodium thiosulphate solution and hydrochloric acid This is a
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rare and is expensive and it is mostly used in chemical research. However‚ there are some uses like being a catalyst‚ helping with cancer therapy and dating the ages of meteorites. Also “stable lutetium can be used as catalysts in petroleum cracking in refineries and can also be used in alkylation‚ hydrogenation‚ and polymerization applications.” In other words it can be used as a catalyst in splitting molecules in refineries‚ it can be used to produce a chemical reaction between hydrogen and another
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arose (Figure 6-91). According to this hypothesis‚ RNA stored both genetic information and catalyzed the chemical reactions in primitive cells. Only later in evolutionary time did DNA take over as the genetic material and proteins become the major catalyst and structural component of cells. If this idea is correct‚ then the transition out of the RNA world was never complete; as we have seen in this chapter‚ RNA still catalyzes several fundamental reactions in modern-day cells‚ which can be viewed as
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BIOLOGY LAB REPORT (UNIT 7: ENZYMES) GENERAL Enzymes are protein that acts as catalyst‚ lowering the activation energy need for reactions to progress in cells. The reaction can still occur without the presence of the enzyme‚ but at a much slower rate. The activation energy is the minimum amount of energy need for a chemical reaction to occur‚ yielding from a given set of reactants. In enzymatic reactions‚ we have substrates which are reactants of reaction bound to an enzyme. While an active site
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Affecting Reaction Rate OVERVIEW Chemical reactions occur at different rates. In this experiment you will consider some of the key factors that influence the rate of a reaction: nature of reactants - particle size temperature concentration catalysts According to the collision theory‚ the rate of a reaction depends on the frequency of collisions between reacting particles. The more frequent the collisions‚ the faster the rate of the reaction. However‚ in order for the collisions to be effective
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FUEL CELL CARS Fuel Cell cars are a major part of the fleet of Zero-Emission Vehicles. The fuel cells are fueled with pure hydrogen and hence they are considered to be zero emission vehicles. Fuel cells have been used on spacecraft for many years to power electric equipment. These are fueled with liquid hydrogen from the spacecraft ’s rocket fuel tanks. Basic Mechanics Fuel cell vehicles turn hydrogen fuel and oxygen into electricity. The electricity then powers an electric motor‚ just like
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CONTACT PROCESS Sulfuric acid is one of the most important industrial chemicals Outline three uses of sulfuric acid in industry 1. The major use of sulfuric acid in Australia is in the manufacture of fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate and superphosphate. Superphosphate is produced by reacting sulfuric acid with rock phosphate. Ammonium sulfate is produced by neutralising ammonia with sulfuric acid. 2. Production of titanium (IV) oxide from titanium minerals eg ilmenite. Titanium is an important
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Oedipus the King The Greek drama Oedipus the King is clearly a tragedy. In the play there are numerous accounts of physical and mental suffering. Although Laius and Jocasta are the catalyst that starts the story in Oedipus the King‚ Oedipus takes the role of the catalyst and becomes the cause of all tragedy to others. In the play Oedipus causes some of his own suffering. Oedipus’s pride gets him into situations that cause him to suffer later on in the play. “He tore the brooches-the
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